{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162560286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pccga.2003.1238285","title":"Automatic animation skeleton using repulsive force field","display_name":"Automatic animation skeleton using repulsive force field","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162560286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pccga.2003.1238285","mag":"2162560286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pccga.2003.1238285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pccga.2003.1238285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"11th Pacific Conference onComputer Graphics and Applications, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025199127","display_name":"Pin-Chou Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pin-Chou Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102158151","display_name":"Fu\u2010Che Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6241-846X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu-Che Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110873612","display_name":"Wan\u2010Chun Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan-Chun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073636301","display_name":"Rung\u2010Huei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-8154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rung-Huei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077508678","display_name":"Ming Ouhyoung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3038-6958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Ouhyoung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025199127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3639,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.968288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"409","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeleton","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","score":0.8555867075920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6499488353729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-skeleton","display_name":"Topological skeleton","score":0.6234214305877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.6211352348327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-field","display_name":"Force field (fiction)","score":0.5345667004585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-skeleton","display_name":"Human skeleton","score":0.4957784116268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/octree","display_name":"Octree","score":0.46725746989250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.46482565999031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4611968994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44181695580482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.3615296483039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34154820442199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2935692369937897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19065731763839722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18969341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169129","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.8555867075920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6499488353729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112785775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786441","display_name":"Topological skeleton","level":4,"score":0.6234214305877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.6211352348327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10803110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341441","display_name":"Force field (fiction)","level":2,"score":0.5345667004585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777846634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9621","display_name":"Human skeleton","level":2,"score":0.4957784116268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141297171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143237","display_name":"Octree","level":2,"score":0.46725746989250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46482565999031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4611968994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44181695580482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3615296483039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34154820442199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2935692369937897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19065731763839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129641003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267189","display_name":"Active shape model","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pccga.2003.1238285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pccga.2003.1238285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"11th Pacific Conference onComputer Graphics and Applications, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503579213","https://openalex.org/W1753211532","https://openalex.org/W1826313674","https://openalex.org/W1832496997","https://openalex.org/W1871884361","https://openalex.org/W1976907040","https://openalex.org/W1989646872","https://openalex.org/W1994067342","https://openalex.org/W2000023163","https://openalex.org/W2012898369","https://openalex.org/W2020065037","https://openalex.org/W2048733914","https://openalex.org/W2107455488","https://openalex.org/W2132413486","https://openalex.org/W2165939338","https://openalex.org/W3159914786","https://openalex.org/W6639190544","https://openalex.org/W6679925868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349992343","https://openalex.org/W2064192991","https://openalex.org/W2392853382","https://openalex.org/W3194080459","https://openalex.org/W4246186190","https://openalex.org/W3215310005","https://openalex.org/W2143030577","https://openalex.org/W2128035187","https://openalex.org/W2371371361","https://openalex.org/W4308701281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"method":[1,53],"is":[2,78,106,114,182],"proposed":[3],"in":[4,35],"this":[5,186],"paper":[6],"to":[7,24,61,70,108,117,131,136,146,166,184,199],"automatically":[8],"generate":[9,109],"the":[10,18,25,33,59,71,98,119,123,132,137,140,148,161,168,175,189],"animation":[11,64],"skeleton":[12,34,56,124,133,190],"of":[13,51,87,153,174],"a":[14,36,41,74,81,85,102,193,208],"model":[15,19,43,196],"such":[16],"that":[17,167],"can":[20,31],"be":[21],"manipulated":[22],"according":[23,135],"skeleton.":[26,72],"With":[27],"our":[28,52],"method,":[29],"users":[30],"construct":[32],"short":[37],"time,":[38],"and":[39,46,66,84,142,163],"bring":[40],"static":[42],"both":[44],"dynamic":[45],"alive.":[47],"The":[48],"primary":[49],"steps":[50],"are":[54,94,129,155],"finding":[55],"joints,":[57],"connecting":[58],"joints":[60,134],"form":[62],"an":[63,110,179],"skeleton,":[65,112],"binding":[67],"skin":[68,127],"vertices":[69,128,141],"Initially,":[73],"repulsive":[75,149],"force":[76,92,99,150,169],"field":[77,170],"constructed":[79],"inside":[80,160],"given":[82],"model,":[83,162],"set":[86],"points":[88],"with":[89,197],"local":[90],"minimal":[91],"magnitude":[93],"found":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97,207],"field.":[100],"Then,":[101],"modified":[103],"thinning":[104],"algorithm":[105],"applied":[107],"initial":[111],"which":[113],"further":[115],"refined":[116],"become":[118],"final":[120],"result.":[121],"When":[122],"construction":[125],"completes,":[126],"anchored":[130],"distances":[138],"between":[139],"joints.":[143],"In":[144],"order":[145],"build":[147],"field,":[151],"hundreds":[152],"rays":[154],"shot":[156],"radially":[157],"from":[158,192],"positions":[159],"it":[164],"leads":[165],"computation":[171],"takes":[172,202],"most":[173],"execution":[176],"time.":[177],"Therefore,":[178],"octree":[180],"structure":[181],"used":[183],"accelerate":[185],"process.":[187],"Currently,":[188],"generated":[191],"typical":[194],"3D":[195],"1000":[198],"10000":[200],"polygons":[201],"less":[203],"than":[204],"2":[205],"minutes":[206],"Intel":[209],"Pentium":[210],"4":[211],"2.4":[212],"GHz":[213],"PC.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
