{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399307576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pais62114.2024.10541263","title":"Fusion of Deep Features for Yellow Rust Severity Estimation in Wheat Leaves","display_name":"Fusion of Deep Features for Yellow Rust Severity Estimation in Wheat Leaves","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399307576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pais62114.2024.10541263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pais62114.2024.10541263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pais62114.2024.10541263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 6th International Conference on Pattern Analysis and Intelligent Systems (PAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093697229","display_name":"Mohamed Rayane Lakehal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Rayane Lakehal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB),Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Intelligents et Communicants (LISIC) Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Algiers,Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB),Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Intelligents et Communicants (LISIC) Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Algiers,Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053417618","display_name":"Hassiba Nemmour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassiba Nemmour","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB),Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Intelligents et Communicants (LISIC) Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Algiers,Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB),Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Intelligents et Communicants (LISIC) Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Algiers,Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065021759","display_name":"Youcef Chibani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-7456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youcef Chibani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB),Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Intelligents et Communicants (LISIC) Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Algiers,Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB),Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Intelligents et Communicants (LISIC) Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Algiers,Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.539,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89130104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rust","display_name":"Rust (programming language)","score":0.5971633195877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5709014534950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5455321073532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49871182441711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4728807806968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4616016745567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4357193410396576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-leaf-rust","display_name":"Wheat leaf rust","score":0.43341606855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3512328565120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33154845237731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.18645775318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1342594027519226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197781089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575650","display_name":"Rust (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5971633195877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5709014534950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5455321073532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49871182441711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4728807806968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4616016745567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4357193410396576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778975149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100683084","display_name":"Wheat leaf rust","level":4,"score":0.43341606855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3512328565120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33154845237731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18645775318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1342594027519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pais62114.2024.10541263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pais62114.2024.10541263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 6th International Conference on Pattern Analysis and Intelligent Systems (PAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073754472","https://openalex.org/W2480645619","https://openalex.org/W2613071559","https://openalex.org/W2733343268","https://openalex.org/W2935844713","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2998829203","https://openalex.org/W3022836752","https://openalex.org/W3046885381","https://openalex.org/W3120304543","https://openalex.org/W3128799620","https://openalex.org/W3191441210","https://openalex.org/W3192504607","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4282568311","https://openalex.org/W4285179121","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4308430905","https://openalex.org/W4309204656","https://openalex.org/W4320478861","https://openalex.org/W4372049157","https://openalex.org/W4376129079","https://openalex.org/W4390693272","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6999480602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033005748","https://openalex.org/W2183415672","https://openalex.org/W2525057104","https://openalex.org/W4313435592","https://openalex.org/W2119524064","https://openalex.org/W3206289459","https://openalex.org/W2030693476","https://openalex.org/W138211211","https://openalex.org/W636522979","https://openalex.org/W2054381809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wheat":[0],"is":[1,9,33,42,52,86],"one":[2],"of":[3,29,47,66,75],"the":[4,12,24,27,30,64,67,73,87,110,181],"oldest":[5],"cultivated":[6],"plants":[7],"that":[8,93,169],"considered":[10],"as":[11],"most":[13,88],"important":[14],"staples":[15],"for":[16],"many":[17,38],"nations.":[18],"For":[19],"this":[20,100],"reason,":[21],"enhancing":[22],"both":[23],"quality":[25],"and":[26,60,77,128],"quantity":[28],"wheat":[31,48,90,163],"corps":[32],"a":[34,79,102,124,151],"state":[35],"goal":[36],"in":[37,106,177],"national":[39],"economies.":[40],"This":[41],"achieved":[43],"through":[44],"early":[45],"diagnosis":[46],"leaf":[49,91,164],"diseases":[50],"which":[51,107,146,160],"closely":[53],"linked":[54],"to":[55,71,95,132,143],"food":[56],"safety,":[57],"environmental":[58],"sustainability":[59],"economic":[61],"stability.":[62],"Specifically,":[63],"estimation":[65,104],"disease":[68,81],"severity":[69,103,111],"helps":[70],"adjust":[72],"use":[74],"pesticides":[76],"makes":[78],"better":[80],"monitoring.":[82],"The":[83],"Yellow":[84],"Rust":[85],"widespread":[89],"infection":[92],"leads":[94],"substantial":[96],"crop":[97],"losses.":[98],"In":[99,123],"work,":[101],"system":[105],"we":[108],"characterize":[109],"level":[112],"by":[113,150],"fusing":[114],"deep":[115,135],"features":[116,145],"derived":[117,183],"from":[118,184],"two":[119],"different":[120],"CNN":[121],"models.":[122],"first":[125],"step,":[126],"VGG16":[127],"MobileNetV2":[129],"are":[130,141,147,155],"trained":[131,149],"generate":[133],"images":[134],"features.":[136],"Then,":[137],"generic":[138],"fusion":[139,170],"rules":[140,171],"employed":[142],"combine":[144],"subsequently":[148],"SVM":[152],"classifier.":[153],"Experiments":[154],"conducted":[156],"on":[157],"Yellow-Rust-19":[158],"dataset,":[159],"contains":[161],"15000":[162],"images.":[165],"Experimental":[166],"results":[167],"reveal":[168],"give":[172],"an":[173],"improvement":[174],"around":[175],"0.4%":[176],"total":[178],"accuracy":[179],"over":[180],"scores":[182],"individual":[185],"CNN.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}