{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908297277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pais.2018.8598480","title":"Encrypted Traffic Classification: Combining Over-and Under-Sampling through a PCA-SVM","display_name":"Encrypted Traffic Classification: Combining Over-and Under-Sampling through a PCA-SVM","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908297277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pais.2018.8598480","mag":"2908297277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pais.2018.8598480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pais.2018.8598480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 3rd International Conference on Pattern Analysis and Intelligent Systems (PAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049773549","display_name":"Abid Saber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3541-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abid Saber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Operational Research Department, USTHB, AMCD&RO Laboratory, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Operational Research Department, USTHB, AMCD&RO Laboratory, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030461883","display_name":"Belkacem Fergani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-6880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192268740","display_name":"University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda","ror":"https://ror.org/011r6gp69","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192268740"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belkacem Fergani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Computer Sciences Department, USTHB, LISIC Laboratory, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Computer Sciences Department, USTHB, LISIC Laboratory, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809","https://openalex.org/I192268740"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088729046","display_name":"Moncef Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-6234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157169809","display_name":"University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb89c09","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moncef Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Operational Research Department, USTHB, AMCD&RO Laboratory, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Operational Research Department, USTHB, AMCD&RO Laboratory, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157169809"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9241,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90341194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7922782897949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-packet-inspection","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","score":0.7534195184707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.706886887550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.6889452338218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6262668371200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5954204201698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-network","display_name":"Private network","score":0.5947025418281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-traffic","display_name":"Internet traffic","score":0.49145710468292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4823276698589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47156116366386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeout","display_name":"Timeout","score":0.46985068917274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.44773995876312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipsec","display_name":"IPsec","score":0.43694251775741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4181953966617584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33811384439468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10768795013427734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7922782897949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.7534195184707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.706886887550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.6889452338218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6262668371200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5954204201698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117387248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11186","display_name":"Private network","level":2,"score":0.5947025418281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.49145710468292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4823276698589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47156116366386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31691690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753979","display_name":"Timeout","level":2,"score":0.46985068917274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.44773995876312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67396069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210214","display_name":"IPsec","level":3,"score":0.43694251775741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4181953966617584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33811384439468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10768795013427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pais.2018.8598480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pais.2018.8598480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 3rd International Conference on Pattern Analysis and Intelligent Systems (PAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208128215","https://openalex.org/W1409124109","https://openalex.org/W1542029606","https://openalex.org/W1750985709","https://openalex.org/W1766594731","https://openalex.org/W2024935628","https://openalex.org/W2034400748","https://openalex.org/W2104167780","https://openalex.org/W2109943925","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2148913232","https://openalex.org/W2149274049","https://openalex.org/W2161251616","https://openalex.org/W2163757302","https://openalex.org/W2257512893","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W6628088708","https://openalex.org/W6632347017","https://openalex.org/W6691619879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964663688","https://openalex.org/W2770628370","https://openalex.org/W2073876080","https://openalex.org/W1987463739","https://openalex.org/W2023141338","https://openalex.org/W23840132","https://openalex.org/W2885862920","https://openalex.org/W2027016628","https://openalex.org/W3163756987","https://openalex.org/W2083607221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"VPN":[0,63,95,145],"(Virtual":[1],"Private":[2],"Network)":[3],"is":[4,67],"often":[5],"the":[6,10,24,38,47,52,62,86,114,157,175],"most":[7],"efficient":[8,121],"and":[9,18,33,36,102,143,159],"least":[11],"expensive":[12],"way":[13],"to":[14,30,60,74,131],"maintain":[15],"flexibility,":[16],"integrity":[17],"confidentiality":[19],"of":[20,42,137,161,167,172],"data":[21,178],"exchange":[22],"over":[23],"Internet.":[25],"It":[26],"also":[27],"enables":[28],"users":[29],"establish":[31],"private":[32],"secure":[34],"connections":[35],"avoid":[37],"common":[39],"geographical":[40],"restrictions":[41],"certain":[43],"services":[44],"offered":[45],"on":[46,174],"net.":[48],"In":[49,77,129],"this":[50,78],"context,":[51],"Deep":[53],"Packet":[54],"Inspection":[55],"techniques":[56],"(DPIs)":[57],"enable":[58],"firewalls":[59],"filter":[61],"traffic":[64,87,122,138,146],"when":[65],"it":[66,71],"not":[68],"encrypted.":[69],"Otherwise,":[70],"becomes":[72],"difficult":[73],"do":[75],"so.":[76],"paper,":[79],"we":[80,99,149],"propose":[81],"a":[82],"method":[83],"for":[84],"characterizing":[85],"in":[88],"one":[89],"step":[90],"i.e.,":[91],"without":[92],"previously":[93],"dividing":[94],"from":[96],"non-VPN.":[97],"Instead,":[98],"combine":[100],"over-":[101],"under-sampling":[103],"followed":[104],"by":[105],"Principal":[106],"Component":[107],"Analysis":[108],"(PCA).":[109],"This":[110],"approach":[111],"allows":[112],"selecting":[113],"optimum":[115],"feature":[116],"subset":[117],"before":[118],"performing":[119],"an":[120],"classification":[123],"using":[124],"Support":[125],"Vectors":[126],"Machines":[127],"classifier.":[128],"order":[130],"assess":[132],"our":[133,162],"findings,":[134],"14":[135],"types":[136],"were":[139],"used:":[140],"7":[141,144],"encrypted":[142],"categories.":[147],"Accordingly,":[148],"used":[150],"only":[151],"time-based":[152],"flow-based":[153],"features.":[154],"We":[155],"checked":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"performances":[160],"proposal":[163],"through":[164],"several":[165],"experiments":[166],"different":[168],"generated":[169],"timeout":[170],"flows":[171],"durations":[173],"UNB":[176],"ISCX":[177],"set.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
