{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078593135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/padsw.2014.7097857","title":"LEB-MAC: Load and energy balancing MAC protocol for energy harvesting powered wireless sensor networks","display_name":"LEB-MAC: Load and energy balancing MAC protocol for energy harvesting powered wireless sensor networks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078593135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/padsw.2014.7097857","mag":"2078593135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/padsw.2014.7097857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/padsw.2014.7097857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 20th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079103719","display_name":"Huey-Ing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-509X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114150738","display_name":"Fu Jen Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04je98850","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114150738"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huey-Ing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114150738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027122239","display_name":"Wenjing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9962-7078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114150738","display_name":"Fu Jen Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04je98850","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114150738"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Jing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114150738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036767777","display_name":"Winston K.G. Seah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-5167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winston KG Seah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand","[School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77062678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"584","last_page":"591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7308875322341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7133619785308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6880587935447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5909569263458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5578472018241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.49878883361816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.4753560721874237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.4605078101158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4359486699104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.411947637796402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3481830954551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.2917403280735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19415390491485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19405007362365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16009682416915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12218537926673889}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7308875322341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7133619785308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6880587935447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5909569263458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5578472018241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.49878883361816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4753560721874237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.4605078101158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4359486699104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.411947637796402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3481830954551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2917403280735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19415390491485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19405007362365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16009682416915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12218537926673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/padsw.2014.7097857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/padsw.2014.7097857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 20th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40520819","https://openalex.org/W1507276641","https://openalex.org/W1630733292","https://openalex.org/W1994495001","https://openalex.org/W2025539628","https://openalex.org/W2057050791","https://openalex.org/W2062706881","https://openalex.org/W2102372792","https://openalex.org/W2110361884","https://openalex.org/W2116039633","https://openalex.org/W2130684657","https://openalex.org/W2135505702","https://openalex.org/W2141825620","https://openalex.org/W2144017041","https://openalex.org/W2144292363","https://openalex.org/W2150039965","https://openalex.org/W2159013099","https://openalex.org/W2162026846","https://openalex.org/W2165677640","https://openalex.org/W2168606903","https://openalex.org/W2169962648","https://openalex.org/W2181311948","https://openalex.org/W3041277256","https://openalex.org/W4254946522","https://openalex.org/W6636933019","https://openalex.org/W6679531849","https://openalex.org/W6685757212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111277886","https://openalex.org/W2078600672","https://openalex.org/W2038592428","https://openalex.org/W2145745943","https://openalex.org/W2611314012","https://openalex.org/W2363175745","https://openalex.org/W2155971405","https://openalex.org/W2046061299","https://openalex.org/W2588039666","https://openalex.org/W3035928673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambient":[0],"energy":[1,10,38,60,70,93,142],"from":[2],"solar,":[3],"vibration,":[4],"heat":[5],"and":[6,15,49,83,87,103,179],"wind":[7],"provide":[8],"alternative":[9],"sources":[11],"to":[12,33,56,91,106,116,129,140],"power":[13,102],"sensors":[14],"extend":[16],"the":[17,35,57,78,85,92,134,137,151,160],"lifetime":[18],"of":[19,37,59,81,95,101,150,173],"wireless":[20,41,73],"sensor":[21,42,74],"networks":[22,43],"which":[23],"have":[24],"traditionally":[25],"been":[26],"powered":[27,40,72],"by":[28,132,155],"batteries.":[29],"This":[30,76,145],"paper":[31],"aims":[32,128],"enhance":[34],"performance":[36],"harvesting":[39,71,143],"in":[44,69,171,183],"three":[45],"aspects:":[46],"relaying,":[47],"scheduling,":[48],"medium":[50],"access":[51],"control.":[52],"To":[53],"better":[54],"adapt":[55],"characteristics":[58],"harvesting,":[61],"an":[62],"asynchronous":[63,152],"receiver-initiated":[64],"duty-cycling":[65],"approach":[66],"is":[67,146],"preferred":[68],"networks.":[75],"reduces":[77],"duty":[79,153,175],"cycle":[80],"senders,":[82],"regulates":[84],"active":[86],"sleep":[88],"intervals":[89],"according":[90,139],"levels":[94],"sensors.":[96],"When":[97],"nodes":[98],"run":[99],"out":[100],"need":[104],"time":[105],"recharge,":[107],"network":[108,138],"holes":[109,131],"or":[110],"voids":[111],"develop,":[112],"forcing":[113],"data":[114],"packets":[115],"be":[117],"routed":[118],"via":[119],"other":[120,187],"paths,":[121],"like":[122],"detours.":[123],"The":[124,163],"proposed":[125],"relaying":[126],"strategy":[127],"prevent":[130],"balancing":[133],"load":[135],"across":[136],"nodes'":[141],"characteristics.":[144],"a":[147],"natural":[148],"consequence":[149],"cycling":[154],"scheduling":[156],"transmission":[157],"based":[158],"on":[159],"receiver's":[161],"availability.":[162],"simulation":[164],"results":[165],"show":[166],"that":[167],"our":[168],"scheme":[169],"outperforms":[170],"terms":[172],"sender":[174],"cycle,":[176],"end-to-end":[177],"delay":[178],"delivery":[180],"ratio,":[181],"especially":[182],"challenged":[184],"conditions":[185],"where":[186],"protocols":[188],"fail.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}