{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004582376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pacrim47961.2019.8985062","title":"Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Systematic Survey","display_name":"Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Systematic Survey","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004582376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pacrim47961.2019.8985062","mag":"3004582376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pacrim47961.2019.8985062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pacrim47961.2019.8985062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043201638","display_name":"Mohamed K. Elhadad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed K. Elhadad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria,Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng.,Victoria,Canada","Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria,Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng.,Victoria,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011071752","display_name":"Kin Fun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-1577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin Fun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria,Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng.,Victoria,Canada","Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria,Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng.,Victoria,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014237424","display_name":"Fayez Gebali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5189-3409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fayez Gebali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria,Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng.,Victoria,Canada","Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria,Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng.,Victoria,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.202,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.990902,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.8381929993629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6504535675048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6375001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.6279783844947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.585435152053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5741947293281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4921843111515045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.48519518971443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.44026973843574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2895260751247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.27161478996276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.1996733546257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08409228920936584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.8381929993629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6504535675048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6375001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.6279783844947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.585435152053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5741947293281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4921843111515045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.48519518971443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.44026973843574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2895260751247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27161478996276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1996733546257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08409228920936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pacrim47961.2019.8985062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pacrim47961.2019.8985062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534466353","https://openalex.org/W2005378341","https://openalex.org/W2005501262","https://openalex.org/W2006620598","https://openalex.org/W2084591134","https://openalex.org/W2252350410","https://openalex.org/W2423124209","https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2589868074","https://openalex.org/W2726112979","https://openalex.org/W2737827343","https://openalex.org/W2740560510","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2757311548","https://openalex.org/W2766450656","https://openalex.org/W2770039499","https://openalex.org/W2775585948","https://openalex.org/W2778250944","https://openalex.org/W2783564496","https://openalex.org/W2787274798","https://openalex.org/W2788235048","https://openalex.org/W2789211728","https://openalex.org/W2792307011","https://openalex.org/W2799165947","https://openalex.org/W2803724014","https://openalex.org/W2804688835","https://openalex.org/W2807490770","https://openalex.org/W2807687614","https://openalex.org/W2808457145","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2809691505","https://openalex.org/W2810026022","https://openalex.org/W2810047920","https://openalex.org/W2810806782","https://openalex.org/W2815470153","https://openalex.org/W2848105763","https://openalex.org/W2889444998","https://openalex.org/W2890146511","https://openalex.org/W2890523554","https://openalex.org/W2890930935","https://openalex.org/W2891453035","https://openalex.org/W2897039802","https://openalex.org/W2897862112","https://openalex.org/W2898471113","https://openalex.org/W2898962507","https://openalex.org/W2899204128","https://openalex.org/W2899673252","https://openalex.org/W2900144515","https://openalex.org/W2900638829","https://openalex.org/W2901340969","https://openalex.org/W2903981179","https://openalex.org/W2906971970","https://openalex.org/W2911715381","https://openalex.org/W2915332473","https://openalex.org/W2918767572","https://openalex.org/W2921174724","https://openalex.org/W2921300811","https://openalex.org/W2921394995","https://openalex.org/W2924545743","https://openalex.org/W2925381077","https://openalex.org/W2935206105","https://openalex.org/W2939711250","https://openalex.org/W2942047809","https://openalex.org/W2944575651","https://openalex.org/W2950782805","https://openalex.org/W2955502916","https://openalex.org/W2963952861","https://openalex.org/W2964262035","https://openalex.org/W2991792334","https://openalex.org/W2995822546","https://openalex.org/W3000155280","https://openalex.org/W3009623739","https://openalex.org/W3099727075","https://openalex.org/W3103872969","https://openalex.org/W3104758113","https://openalex.org/W3168540415","https://openalex.org/W4294090804","https://openalex.org/W4301166652","https://openalex.org/W6744792931","https://openalex.org/W6746779577","https://openalex.org/W6748094485","https://openalex.org/W6748553547","https://openalex.org/W6750787382","https://openalex.org/W6751593369","https://openalex.org/W6752602627","https://openalex.org/W6753014201","https://openalex.org/W6753246102","https://openalex.org/W6753550614","https://openalex.org/W6754746396","https://openalex.org/W6755441220","https://openalex.org/W6756519943","https://openalex.org/W6759622527","https://openalex.org/W6760109335","https://openalex.org/W6760483815","https://openalex.org/W6761862757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"These":[0],"days":[1],"there":[2],"are":[3,55,103],"instabilities":[4],"in":[5,8,22,34,37,94],"many":[6],"societies":[7],"the":[9,48,75,89,95],"world,":[10],"either":[11],"because":[12],"of":[13,57,77,86,91],"political,":[14],"economic,":[15],"and":[16,59,88],"other":[17],"societal":[18],"issues.":[19],"The":[20,84],"advance":[21],"mobile":[23],"technology":[24],"has":[25],"enabled":[26],"social":[27,64,82],"media":[28],"to":[29,50],"play":[30],"a":[31,71],"vital":[32],"role":[33],"organizing":[35],"activities":[36],"favour":[38],"or":[39,43],"against":[40],"certain":[41],"parties":[42],"countries.":[44],"Many":[45],"researchers":[46],"see":[47],"need":[49],"develop":[51],"automated":[52],"systems":[53],"that":[54],"capable":[56],"detecting":[58],"tracking":[60],"fake":[61,78],"news":[62,79],"on":[63,74,81],"media.":[65,83],"In":[66],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69],"introduce":[70],"systematic":[72],"survey":[73],"process":[76],"detection":[80,96],"types":[85],"data":[87],"categories":[90],"features":[92],"used":[93],"model,":[97],"as":[98,100],"well":[99],"benchmark":[101],"datasets":[102],"discussed.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
