{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414229142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146","title":"Optimized Breast Cancer Classification via SHAP-Based Feature Selection and Weighted Voting Ensemble Learning","display_name":"Optimized Breast Cancer Classification via SHAP-Based Feature Selection and Weighted Voting Ensemble Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414229142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005221038","display_name":"Jungpil Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-2468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jungpil Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947983","display_name":"Najmul Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6499-1825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najmul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017981507","display_name":"Abu Saleh Musa Miah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-0464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Saleh Musa Miah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044048985","display_name":"Taro Suzuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9722-9415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["JP","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taro Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119630527","display_name":"Sultan Al Farhood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sultan Al Farhood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005221038"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":2.8331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92425238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1488","last_page":"1500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.7465999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6872000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5041000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.4016999900341034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.7465999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6966000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6872000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6793000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6721000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5041000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132778050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065430","display_name":"Weighted voting","level":4,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305062","display_name":"Multiple Models","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c9cd773c41b4ed99a49bd75986985cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c9cd773c41b4ed99a49bd75986985cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, Vol 6, Pp 1488-1500 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3610146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2487898712","https://openalex.org/W2856141131","https://openalex.org/W2889646458","https://openalex.org/W2897826619","https://openalex.org/W2900598239","https://openalex.org/W2952523812","https://openalex.org/W3007336678","https://openalex.org/W3034751302","https://openalex.org/W3037581433","https://openalex.org/W3046874697","https://openalex.org/W3047743240","https://openalex.org/W3083171672","https://openalex.org/W3096802791","https://openalex.org/W3097687649","https://openalex.org/W3108206494","https://openalex.org/W3126669490","https://openalex.org/W4283577913","https://openalex.org/W4284888391","https://openalex.org/W4285262630","https://openalex.org/W4286470556","https://openalex.org/W4286494306","https://openalex.org/W4289865919","https://openalex.org/W4295592723","https://openalex.org/W4312074709","https://openalex.org/W4312552324","https://openalex.org/W4318570548","https://openalex.org/W4320715367","https://openalex.org/W4385252239","https://openalex.org/W4386799979","https://openalex.org/W4387021700","https://openalex.org/W4387671725","https://openalex.org/W4391097175","https://openalex.org/W4393182100","https://openalex.org/W4400410103","https://openalex.org/W4406328136","https://openalex.org/W4407574952","https://openalex.org/W4408236795","https://openalex.org/W4409314207","https://openalex.org/W4411139625"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0,170],"cancer":[1],"(BC)":[2],"is":[3],"among":[4],"the":[5,13,48,96,115,123,129,158,168,184,192],"most":[6,49,97,126],"common":[7],"cancers":[8],"affecting":[9],"women":[10],"worldwide,":[11],"highlighting":[12],"urgent":[14],"need":[15],"for":[16,30,94,140,235],"early":[17,236],"and":[18,36,134,152,180,199,224,232],"accurate":[19],"diagnosis.":[20],"Machine":[21,155],"learning":[22,70],"(ML)":[23],"has":[24],"emerged":[25],"as":[26,229],"a":[27,82,89,230],"powerful":[28],"tool":[29,234],"BC":[31,237],"classification,":[32],"enhancing":[33],"diagnostic":[34,42],"precision":[35],"improving":[37],"patient":[38],"outcomes.":[39],"However,":[40],"ML-based":[41],"systems":[43],"often":[44],"struggle":[45],"to":[46,104],"identify":[47],"relevant":[50],"features,":[51,128],"particularly":[52],"in":[53],"moderately":[54],"dimensional":[55],"datasets":[56],"containing":[57],"redundant":[58],"or":[59],"non-informative":[60],"attributes.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"this,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"an":[67,214],"optimized":[68,215],"ensemble":[69,85,144,216],"model":[71,105,130,163,193,225],"that":[72],"integrates":[73],"SHapley":[74],"Additive":[75],"exPlanations":[76],"(SHAP)":[77],"based":[78],"feature":[79,116],"selection":[80],"with":[81,175,213],"weighted":[83],"soft-voting":[84],"classifier.":[86],"SHAP":[87],"provides":[88],"model-agnostic,":[90],"theoretically":[91],"grounded":[92],"approach":[93,219],"identifying":[95],"influential":[98],"features":[99],"by":[100],"quantifying":[101],"their":[102],"contribution":[103],"predictions.":[106],"This":[107],"not":[108],"only":[109],"improves":[110],"interpretability":[111],"but":[112],"also":[113],"reduces":[114],"space":[117],"without":[118],"compromising":[119],"performance.":[120],"By":[121,207],"selecting":[122],"top":[124],"15":[125],"important":[127],"achieves":[131,164,194],"higher":[132],"efficiency":[133],"clearer":[135],"clinical":[136],"insight,":[137],"both":[138,221],"essential":[139],"medical":[141],"decision-making.":[142],"The":[143],"combines":[145],"Extra":[146],"Trees":[147],"(ET),":[148],"LightGBM,":[149],"XGBoost":[150],"(XGB),":[151],"Support":[153],"Vector":[154],"(SVM),":[156],"leveraging":[157],"strengths":[159],"of":[160,186],"each.":[161],"Our":[162],"state-of-the-art":[165],"performance":[166],"on":[167],"Wisconsin":[169],"Cancer":[171],"Diagnostic":[172],"(WBCD)":[173],"dataset,":[174,191],"99.42%":[176],"accuracy,":[177,196],"100%":[178],"precision,":[179,198],"98.44%":[181],"recall.":[182],"For":[183],"University":[185],"California,":[187],"Irvine":[188],"(UCI)":[189],"preprocessed":[190],"95.32%":[195],"93.81%":[197],"99.07%":[200],"recall,":[201],"demonstrating":[202],"robustness":[203],"across":[204],"different":[205],"datasets.":[206],"uniting":[208],"explainable":[209],"AI":[210],"(via":[211],"SHAP)":[212],"strategy,":[217],"our":[218],"enhances":[220],"classification":[222],"accuracy":[223],"transparency,":[226],"establishing":[227],"it":[228],"reliable":[231],"interpretable":[233],"detection.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}