{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410294513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208","title":"Opposition-Based White Shark Optimizer for Optimizing Modified EfficientNetV2 in Road Crack Classification","display_name":"Opposition-Based White Shark Optimizer for Optimizing Modified EfficientNetV2 in Road Crack Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410294513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115572236","display_name":"Mohammed Al-Shalabi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088963","display_name":"University of Ha'il","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Al-Shalabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","Department of Information and Computer ScienceUniversity of Ha&#x0027;il, Ha&#x0027;il, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer ScienceUniversity of Ha&#x0027;il, Ha&#x0027;il, KSA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062403617","display_name":"Mohammed A. Mahdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-5826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088963","display_name":"University of Ha'il","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. Mahdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","Department of Information and Computer ScienceUniversity of Ha&#x0027;il, Ha&#x0027;il, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer ScienceUniversity of Ha&#x0027;il, Ha&#x0027;il, KSA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077953024","display_name":"Malik Braik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-3734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33926330","display_name":"Al-Balqa Applied University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qedmt22","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33926330"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malik Braik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan","Department of Computer ScienceAl-Balqa Applied University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33926330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer ScienceAl-Balqa Applied University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081678536","display_name":"Mohammed Azmi Al\u2010Betar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021950033","display_name":"Shahanawaj Ahamad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088963","display_name":"University of Ha'il","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahanawaj Ahamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","Department of Software EngineeringUniversity of Ha&#x0027;il, Ha&#x0027;il, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software EngineeringUniversity of Ha&#x0027;il, Ha&#x0027;il, KSA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054689886","display_name":"Sawsan Ali Saad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088963","display_name":"University of Ha'il","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sawsan A. Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer EngineeringUniversity of Ha&#x0027;il, Ha&#x0027;il, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer EngineeringUniversity of Ha&#x0027;il, Ha&#x0027;il, KSA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115572236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":4.1757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93358032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"762","last_page":"775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11451","display_name":"Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9021999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opposition","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","score":0.9038249254226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33376529812812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2835651636123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.17313304543495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09984773397445679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.9038249254226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33376529812812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2835651636123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.17313304543495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09984773397445679}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6660f90698d469eb31ad795ba78ea60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6660f90698d469eb31ad795ba78ea60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, Vol 6, Pp 762-775 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3569208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2057443096","https://openalex.org/W2144801789","https://openalex.org/W2162745921","https://openalex.org/W2735386636","https://openalex.org/W2760225670","https://openalex.org/W2964308596","https://openalex.org/W3021944625","https://openalex.org/W3160224680","https://openalex.org/W3186360865","https://openalex.org/W3205511895","https://openalex.org/W3217354104","https://openalex.org/W4213080281","https://openalex.org/W4281975579","https://openalex.org/W4283331172","https://openalex.org/W4298129642","https://openalex.org/W4309012905","https://openalex.org/W4316467388","https://openalex.org/W4378652254","https://openalex.org/W4378908388","https://openalex.org/W4385758708","https://openalex.org/W4386391029","https://openalex.org/W4388994722","https://openalex.org/W4391914906","https://openalex.org/W4408571394","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6793164127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W182058443","https://openalex.org/W2490768301","https://openalex.org/W3171504412","https://openalex.org/W2478458548","https://openalex.org/W2490610300","https://openalex.org/W39094661","https://openalex.org/W4386380567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Maintaining":[0],"reliable":[1],"and":[2,9,21,31,105,107,117,144,194,233],"long-lasting":[3],"road":[4],"infrastructure":[5],"requires":[6],"accurate":[7],"identification":[8],"management":[10],"of":[11,68,86,159,174,191,229],"pavement":[12,45,80,240],"cracks,":[13],"as":[14,75,95],"these":[15],"cracks":[16],"can":[17],"significantly":[18],"weaken":[19],"asphalt":[20,128],"concrete":[22],"surfaces":[23],"over":[24],"time.":[25],"Although":[26],"Convolutional":[27],"Neural":[28],"Networks":[29],"(CNNs)":[30],"meta-heuristic":[32],"algorithms":[33],"have":[34],"proven":[35],"effective":[36,205],"in":[37,43,171,189,210],"solving":[38],"real-world":[39],"problems,":[40],"their":[41],"use":[42],"low-contrast":[44,133],"crack":[46,56,81,129,208],"images":[47],"is":[48,122,151],"worth":[49],"investigating.":[50],"This":[51,120,223],"study":[52,224],"proposes":[53],"an":[54],"automated":[55,239],"detection":[57,209],"framework":[58],"that":[59,131,184],"integrates":[60],"three":[61],"key":[62],"components:":[63],"(1)":[64],"a":[65,69,84],"new":[66],"variant":[67],"pre-trained":[70],"CNN":[71],"architecture,":[72],"referred":[73],"to":[74,99,141,154,201,237],"Modified":[76],"EfficientNetV2":[77],"(MEfficientNetV2)":[78],"for":[79,113,207],"classification;":[82],"(2)":[83],"combination":[85],"opposition-based":[87],"learning":[88,165,232],"with":[89,180],"White":[90],"Shark":[91],"Optimizer":[92],"(WSO),":[93],"known":[94],"Opposition":[96],"WSO":[97],"(OWSO),":[98],"improve":[100,238],"the":[101,156,164,172,175,185,203,227],"balance":[102],"between":[103],"exploration":[104],"exploitation;":[106],"(3)":[108],"Principal":[109],"Component":[110],"Analysis":[111],"(PCA)":[112],"efficient":[114],"dimensionality":[115],"reduction":[116],"feature":[118,215],"selection.":[119],"method":[121],"validated":[123],"on":[124,226],"various":[125],"publicly":[126],"available":[127],"datasets":[130],"contain":[132],"natural":[134],"images.":[135],"Preprocessing":[136],"techniques":[137],"are":[138],"first":[139],"applied":[140],"eliminate":[142],"noise":[143],"enhance":[145],"image":[146],"quality.":[147],"The":[148,196],"OWSO":[149],"algorithm":[150],"then":[152],"integrated":[153],"optimize":[155],"classification":[157],"performance":[158],"MEfficientNetV2,":[160],"while":[161],"PCA":[162],"accelerates":[163],"process":[166],"by":[167],"retaining":[168],"critical":[169],"features":[170],"thresholds":[173],"varying":[176],"components.":[177],"Comparative":[178],"evaluations":[179],"state-of-the-art":[181],"methods":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"proposed":[186],"model":[187],"excels":[188],"terms":[190],"precision,":[192],"robustness,":[193],"generalizability.":[195],"outcome":[197],"emphasizes":[198],"its":[199],"ability":[200],"identify":[202],"most":[204],"solution":[206],"practical":[211],"scenarios,":[212],"where":[213],"PCA-based":[214],"selection":[216],"improves":[217],"computational":[218],"efficiency":[219],"without":[220],"compromising":[221],"performance.":[222],"focuses":[225],"potential":[228],"hybrid":[230],"deep":[231],"bio-inspired":[234],"optimization":[235],"strategies":[236],"maintenance":[241],"systems.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
