{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408030005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754","title":"Correlation-Based Knowledge Distillation in Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learning","display_name":"Correlation-Based Knowledge Distillation in Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408030005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016262505","display_name":"Zijian Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-3381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461646","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-6617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Evaluation and Consultation Center, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","The Strategic Evaluation and Consultation Center, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Evaluation and Consultation Center, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Strategic Evaluation and Consultation Center, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013340793","display_name":"Kele Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-5169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kele Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083124500","display_name":"Xinjun Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-5748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjun Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076087924","display_name":"Huaimin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-640X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaimin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016262505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":3.4958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8990866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"449","last_page":"459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.8772000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.8772000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.8745999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.8614000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.5991005897521973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5877658724784851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.5628448724746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4214974045753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3955272138118744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39398324489593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.358524352312088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3292800784111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.23063233494758606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.5991005897521973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5877658724784851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5628448724746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4214974045753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3955272138118744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39398324489593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.358524352312088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3292800784111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.23063233494758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3adb6a4aa80f4615b88d3e730ac31280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3adb6a4aa80f4615b88d3e730ac31280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, Vol 6, Pp 449-459 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2025.3546754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3961492198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023ZD0121101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4560342424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZZCX-ZZGC-01-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","funder_display_name":"National University of Defense Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574447377","https://openalex.org/W1682403713","https://openalex.org/W1904826605","https://openalex.org/W1990452681","https://openalex.org/W1991564165","https://openalex.org/W2017329135","https://openalex.org/W2037979274","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2131600418","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2403749440","https://openalex.org/W2473930607","https://openalex.org/W2524910163","https://openalex.org/W2551176409","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2884282566","https://openalex.org/W2926477959","https://openalex.org/W2936864631","https://openalex.org/W2939308562","https://openalex.org/W2948734064","https://openalex.org/W2953327099","https://openalex.org/W2954929116","https://openalex.org/W2962966271","https://openalex.org/W2963588172","https://openalex.org/W2964189064","https://openalex.org/W2972313371","https://openalex.org/W2982242214","https://openalex.org/W2997006708","https://openalex.org/W3034856281","https://openalex.org/W3141797743","https://openalex.org/W3163939464","https://openalex.org/W3177378457","https://openalex.org/W3178686235","https://openalex.org/W3198054860","https://openalex.org/W4239187508","https://openalex.org/W4307464646","https://openalex.org/W4376105196","https://openalex.org/W4408679902","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6677258307","https://openalex.org/W6730179637","https://openalex.org/W6741087337","https://openalex.org/W6741217325","https://openalex.org/W6748082341","https://openalex.org/W6755950020","https://openalex.org/W6757054164","https://openalex.org/W6779702771","https://openalex.org/W6784838754","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6790539801","https://openalex.org/W6803451136","https://openalex.org/W6810529857","https://openalex.org/W6839053282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Class-incremental":[0],"learning":[1],"(CIL)":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,46,69,117,143,164,171],"learn":[5],"a":[6,57,75,88,93,112],"family":[7],"of":[8,26,138,187],"classes":[9],"incrementally":[10],"with":[11,87],"data":[12,20,47],"available":[13],"in":[14,183],"order":[15],"rather":[16,148],"than":[17,149],"training":[18,123],"all":[19],"at":[21],"once.":[22],"One":[23],"main":[24],"drawback":[25],"CIL":[27],"is":[28,56,85],"that":[29,61,81],"standard":[30],"deep":[31],"neural":[32],"networks":[33],"suffer":[34],"from":[35,48],"catastrophic":[36],"forgetting":[37],"(CF),":[38],"especially":[39],"when":[40],"the":[41,49,66,82,97,132,136,139,145,156,184],"model":[42,68,105,157],"only":[43],"has":[44],"access":[45],"current":[50],"incremental":[51],"step.":[52],"Knowledge":[53],"Distillation":[54],"(KD)":[55],"widely":[58],"used":[59],"technique":[60],"utilizes":[62],"old":[63],"models":[64],"as":[65],"teacher":[67,98,140],"alleviate":[70,172],"CF.":[71],"However,":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74],"case":[76],"study,":[77],"our":[78],"investigation":[79],"reveals":[80],"vanilla":[83,150],"KD":[84],"insufficient":[86],"strict":[89],"point-to-point":[90,151],"restriction.":[91],"Instead,":[92],"relaxed":[94],"match":[95],"between":[96,135],"and":[99,104,141,168,191,196],"student":[100,142],"improves":[101,155],"distillation":[102,146],"performance":[103],"stability.":[106,158],"In":[107],"this":[108],"article,":[109],"we":[110,130,160],"propose":[111],"simple":[113],"yet":[114],"effective":[115],"method":[116,178],"mitigate":[118],"CF":[119],"without":[120],"any":[121,127],"additional":[122],"costs":[124],"or":[125],"requiring":[126],"exemplars.":[128],"Specifically,":[129],"apply":[131],"linear":[133],"correlation":[134],"features":[137],"measure":[144],"loss":[147],"loss,":[152],"which":[153],"significantly":[154,179],"Then,":[159],"utilize":[161],"label":[162],"augmentation":[163],"improve":[165],"feature":[166],"generalization":[167],"save":[169],"prototypes":[170],"classification":[173],"bias":[174],"further.":[175],"The":[176],"proposed":[177],"outperforms":[180],"state-of-the-art":[181],"methods":[182],"various":[185],"settings":[186],"benchmarks,":[188],"including":[189],"CIFAR-100":[190],"Tiny-ImageNet,":[192],"demonstrating":[193],"its":[194],"effectiveness":[195],"robustness.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
