{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184518130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3098462","title":"Ensemble Deep Learning Assisted VNF Deployment Strategy for Next-Generation IoT Services","display_name":"Ensemble Deep Learning Assisted VNF Deployment Strategy for Next-Generation IoT Services","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184518130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3098462","mag":"3184518130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2021.3098462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3098462","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09492772.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09492772.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040609918","display_name":"Mahzabeen Emu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-1873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahzabeen Emu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-1873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032858073","display_name":"Salimur Choudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-112X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salimur Choudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-112X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":1.2154,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8013163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"260","last_page":"275"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8434889316558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloudlet","display_name":"Cloudlet","score":0.702049732208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6869798302650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6833323836326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.6283606290817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5823038816452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.507091760635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5060331225395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4993860721588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4832930862903595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4474416673183441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.441361665725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4292606711387634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8434889316558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781055072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325266","display_name":"Cloudlet","level":3,"score":0.702049732208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6869798302650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6833323836326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.6283606290817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5823038816452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.507091760635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5060331225395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4993860721588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4832930862903595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4474416673183441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.441361665725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4292606711387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2021.3098462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3098462","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09492772.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67e00e7fdeb5408b91f45ccde205c657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67e00e7fdeb5408b91f45ccde205c657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, Vol 2, Pp 260-275 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2021.3098462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2021.3098462","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09492772.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330223","display_name":"Vector Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqdja62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184518130.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184518130.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2101786389","https://openalex.org/W2118404561","https://openalex.org/W2500898769","https://openalex.org/W2620925659","https://openalex.org/W2736498117","https://openalex.org/W2741401130","https://openalex.org/W2786348542","https://openalex.org/W2786876460","https://openalex.org/W2789994870","https://openalex.org/W2790145309","https://openalex.org/W2795790578","https://openalex.org/W2803750062","https://openalex.org/W2807731816","https://openalex.org/W2889474327","https://openalex.org/W2892154983","https://openalex.org/W2896539749","https://openalex.org/W2914656440","https://openalex.org/W2916805456","https://openalex.org/W2941971445","https://openalex.org/W2944926214","https://openalex.org/W2945578113","https://openalex.org/W2955338161","https://openalex.org/W2963047670","https://openalex.org/W2964219000","https://openalex.org/W2964770372","https://openalex.org/W2966609693","https://openalex.org/W2969886029","https://openalex.org/W2969898143","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2981822972","https://openalex.org/W2989874867","https://openalex.org/W2993074299","https://openalex.org/W3001625778","https://openalex.org/W3019747105","https://openalex.org/W3028065838","https://openalex.org/W3039979772","https://openalex.org/W3041733974","https://openalex.org/W3043998585","https://openalex.org/W3044955947","https://openalex.org/W3097370635","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3105883416","https://openalex.org/W3108926156","https://openalex.org/W3119575987","https://openalex.org/W3121452354","https://openalex.org/W6785976657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082808059","https://openalex.org/W2474275862","https://openalex.org/W2288076623","https://openalex.org/W3008399534","https://openalex.org/W3175669490","https://openalex.org/W79913212","https://openalex.org/W1938897670","https://openalex.org/W1813777996","https://openalex.org/W2768673452","https://openalex.org/W3029816587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,23,37,65,77,80,93,108,172],"the":[2,35,40,47,58,66,83,102,178,182],"massive":[3],"Internet":[4],"of":[5,12,60,85,155,184],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"connectivity":[8],"and":[9,27,43,114,125,132,158,161],"substantial":[10],"growth":[11],"communication":[13,159],"traffic,":[14],"Virtual":[15],"Network":[16],"Function":[17],"(VNF)":[18],"orchestration":[19],"scheme":[20],"is":[21],"anticipated":[22],"function":[24],"promptly,":[25],"dynamically,":[26],"intelligently":[28],"for":[29,90,193],"next-generation":[30],"networks.":[31],"Hence,":[32],"we":[33,75],"urge":[34],"necessity":[36],"move":[38],"beyond":[39],"traditional":[41],"paradigm":[42],"employ":[44],"VNFs":[45],"on":[46,121],"network":[48,112,196],"edge":[49,54],"located":[50],"cloudlet.":[51],"Overall,":[52],"multi-access":[53],"computing":[55],"can":[56],"intensify":[57],"performance":[59,148],"delay-sensitive":[61],"IoT":[62],"applications":[63],"compared":[64,171],"core":[67],"cloud":[68],"based":[69,120],"VNF":[70,96,138,143],"deployments.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"intend":[76],"investigate":[78],"how":[79],"simultaneously":[81],"leverage":[82],"ensembling":[84],"multiple":[86],"deep":[87,174,186],"learning":[88,175],"models":[89],"proper":[91],"calibration":[92],"provide":[94],"real-time":[95],"placement":[97],"solutions.":[98],"We":[99],"also":[100],"address":[101],"challenges":[103],"associated":[104],"with":[105,110],"state-of-the-art":[106],"approaches":[107],"deal":[109],"dynamic":[111],"traffic":[113],"topology":[115],"patterns.":[116],"Our":[117],"envisioned":[118],"methods,":[119],"Convolutional":[122],"Neural":[123,127],"Networks":[124,128],"Artificial":[126],"named":[129],"as":[130],"E-ConvNets":[131],"E-ANN":[133],"respectively,":[134],"suggest":[135],"two":[136],"proactive":[137],"deployment":[139,144],"strategies.":[140],"These":[141],"ensembled":[142],"strategies":[145,188],"demonstrate":[146],"encouraging":[147],"(optimality":[149],"gap":[150],"nearly":[151],"7%)":[152],"in":[153],"terms":[154],"minimizing":[156],"relocation":[157],"costs,":[160],"high":[162],"scalability":[163],"intelligence":[164],"factor":[165],"(around":[166],"0.93)":[167],"through":[168],"simulation":[169],"results":[170,180],"standalone":[173],"models.":[176],"Furthermore,":[177],"presented":[179],"indicate":[181],"potentialities":[183],"applying":[185],"learning-based":[187],"into":[189],"similar":[190],"research":[191],"enigmas":[192],"future":[194],"telecommunication":[195],"researches.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}