{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045400320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2020.3010987","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Empowered Adaptivity for Future Blockchain Networks","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Empowered Adaptivity for Future Blockchain Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045400320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2020.3010987","mag":"3045400320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2020.3010987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2020.3010987","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09145696.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09145696.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007510770","display_name":"Chao Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037920323","display_name":"Xiaoxu Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3166-1405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxu Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725847","display_name":"Yifan Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-7790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005621448","display_name":"Tianle Mai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-1461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianle Mai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-1461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":5.3184,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95955713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"99","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8385557532310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.806185781955719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7466316223144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7230589389801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6863548159599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6327764987945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5414599776268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5190423130989075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.46797066926956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.45891273021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4456704258918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3928769826889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22422945499420166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8385557532310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.806185781955719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7466316223144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7230589389801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6863548159599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6327764987945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5414599776268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5190423130989075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.46797066926956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.45891273021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4456704258918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3928769826889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22422945499420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2020.3010987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2020.3010987","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09145696.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:26a26ae5154e44ffa872a42f2e166f10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/26a26ae5154e44ffa872a42f2e166f10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, Vol 2, Pp 99-105 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcs.2020.3010987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcs.2020.3010987","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782664/9349230/09145696.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176459","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","issn_l":"2644-1268","issn":["2644-1268"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1890667186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M670654","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G545781906","display_name":"\u4e91\u8fb9\u7aef\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u540c\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u7ebf\u51b3\u7b56\u4f18\u5316\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6093772114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045400320.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045400320.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549820118","https://openalex.org/W1665611244","https://openalex.org/W2013608896","https://openalex.org/W2103178123","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2162220364","https://openalex.org/W2182688186","https://openalex.org/W2486460265","https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2793346081","https://openalex.org/W2802340657","https://openalex.org/W2891362044","https://openalex.org/W2891855426","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2991544738","https://openalex.org/W2999146029","https://openalex.org/W3017048894","https://openalex.org/W3041727190","https://openalex.org/W3098133185","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W6633020944","https://openalex.org/W6686169942","https://openalex.org/W6722325012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4388131927","https://openalex.org/W2011430815","https://openalex.org/W4321606653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"blockchain":[1,11,53,73,101,125,147],"has":[2],"elicited":[3],"escalating":[4],"attention":[5],"from":[6],"academia":[7],"to":[8,26,77,145,179,187],"industry.":[9],"However,":[10],"is":[12,40,177],"still":[13],"in":[14],"its":[15],"initial":[16],"stage,":[17],"and":[18,81,134,142,163],"remains":[19],"a":[20,33,64,168],"great":[21],"number":[22],"of":[23,85,111,158,191],"non-trivial":[24],"problems":[25],"be":[27],"delved":[28],"before":[29],"being":[30],"used":[31,178],"as":[32,76,95,167],"generic":[34],"platform.":[35],"The":[36,44],"most":[37],"intractable":[38],"one":[39,92],"the":[41,52,57,79,83,96,100,124,131,146,156,189],"scalability":[42,80],"problem.":[43,171,182],"deep":[45,65,173],"reinforcement":[46,66,174],"learning":[47,67,175],"empowered":[48,68],"adaptivity":[49,69],"can":[50],"help":[51],"network":[54,164],"break":[55],"through":[56],"bottleneck.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,116,181],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,118,150],"study":[63],"approach":[70,176],"for":[71],"future":[72],"networks,":[74],"so":[75],"improve":[78],"meet":[82],"requirements":[84],"different":[86,104],"users.":[87],"Specifically,":[88],"rather":[89],"than":[90],"using":[91],"consensus":[93,105,121,159],"protocol":[94],"best":[97],"fit":[98],"one,":[99],"networks":[102,126],"launch":[103],"protocols,":[106,160],"based":[107],"on":[108],"users\u2019":[109],"quality":[110],"service":[112],"(QoS)":[113],"requirements.":[114],"To":[115],"end,":[117],"quantify":[119],"four":[120],"protocols.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"are":[127,185],"heavily":[128],"hampered":[129],"by":[130],"limited":[132],"computation":[133,141,161],"bandwidth":[135,143,165],"resources.":[136],"We":[137],"also":[138],"dynamically":[139],"allocate":[140],"resources":[144],"networks.":[148],"Then":[149],"formulate":[151],"these":[152],"thress":[153],"items,":[154],"i.e.,":[155],"selection":[157],"resource,":[162,166],"joint":[169],"optimization":[170],"A":[172],"solve":[180],"Simulation":[183],"results":[184],"presented":[186],"show":[188],"effectiveness":[190],"our":[192],"proposed":[193],"scheme.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}