{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167738326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425","title":"RIS as a Deep-Fade Shaper: A New Framework for Fluid-Antenna Multiple Access","display_name":"RIS as a Deep-Fade Shaper: A New Framework for Fluid-Antenna Multiple Access","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167738326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055961126","display_name":"Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-6461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-6461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055961126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80421173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"7805","last_page":"7820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.19750000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.19750000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11582","display_name":"Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10313","display_name":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","score":0.028200000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.2574999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.24860000610351562}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2d5f3187aff46adafea5c34e2c9e62e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2d5f3187aff46adafea5c34e2c9e62e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 7, Pp 7805-7820 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3711425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluid-antenna":[0],"multiple":[1,28],"access":[2],"(FAMA)":[3],"enables":[4],"each":[5],"user":[6],"device":[7,97],"to":[8,184],"opportunistically":[9],"select":[10],"the":[11,14,50,73,91,100,104,109,116,127,145,151,199,241],"port":[12,186],"experiencing":[13],"most":[15],"favorable":[16],"instantaneous":[17],"interference":[18,40,74,105,122,153],"condition,":[19],"thereby":[20],"extracting":[21],"micro-scale":[22],"spatial":[23,51],"diversity":[24],"without":[25],"relying":[26],"on":[27,174],"radio":[29],"frequency":[30],"(RF)":[31],"chains.":[32],"However,":[33],"existing":[34],"FAMA":[35,54,88,185,236],"studies":[36],"assume":[37],"purely":[38],"stochastic":[39],"fields":[41],"and":[42,160,188,211,219,228,237,250],"do":[43],"not":[44],"provide":[45,212],"mechanisms":[46],"for":[47,68,216],"actively":[48],"engineering":[49,96,245],"fluctuations":[52],"that":[53,98,124,150,205],"relies":[55],"upon.":[56],"In":[57,112],"parallel,":[58],"reconfigurable":[59],"intelligent":[60],"surfaces":[61],"(RISs)":[62],"have":[63],"been":[64],"used":[65],"almost":[66],"exclusively":[67],"coherent":[69],"signal":[70],"enhancement,":[71],"leaving":[72],"behavior":[75],"largely":[76],"unaltered.":[77],"This":[78],"paper":[79],"introduces":[80],"a":[81,94,140,155,162,179,190,208],"fundamentally":[82],"different":[83],"integration":[84],"of":[85,103,129,144],"RISs":[86],"with":[87,234],"by":[89],"using":[90],"RIS":[92,117,181,239],"as":[93],"deep-fade":[95,244],"shapes":[99],"second-order":[101],"statistics":[102],"field":[106],"rather":[107],"than":[108],"desired":[110],"signal.":[111],"near-field":[113],"user-centric":[114],"deployments,":[115],"induces":[118],"strong,":[119],"controllable":[120],"port-to-port":[121],"variations":[123],"significantly":[125],"increase":[126],"likelihood":[128],"deep":[130],"fades":[131],"at":[132],"one":[133],"or":[134],"more":[135],"fluid-antenna":[136],"ports.":[137,221],"We":[138,196],"develop":[139],"full":[141],"statistical":[142],"characterization":[143],"cascaded":[146],"interferer-RIS-UE":[147],"channel,":[148],"show":[149],"aggregated":[152],"follows":[154,207],"generalized":[156],"Gamma":[157,166],"convolution":[158],"law,":[159,210],"obtain":[161],"highly":[163],"accurate":[164],"moment-matched":[165],"model":[167],"whose":[168],"parameters":[169],"are":[170],"explicitly":[171],"RIS-controlled.":[172],"Building":[173],"this":[175],"model,":[176],"we":[177],"formulate":[178],"variance-maximization":[180],"design":[182],"tailored":[183],"selection":[187],"devise":[189],"computationally":[191],"efficient":[192],"projected":[193],"gradient-ascent":[194],"algorithm.":[195],"then":[197],"derive":[198],"exact":[200],"per-port":[201],"SIR":[202,248],"distribution,":[203],"proving":[204],"it":[206],"Beta-prime":[209],"closed-form":[213],"outage":[214,253],"expressions":[215],"both":[217],"independent":[218],"correlated":[220],"Extensive":[222],"simulations":[223],"validate":[224],"all":[225],"analytical":[226],"results":[227],"demonstrate":[229],"substantial":[230],"performance":[231],"gains.":[232],"Compared":[233],"conventional":[235],"random-phase":[238],"configurations,":[240],"proposed":[242],"RIS-enabled":[243],"achieves":[246],"multi-dB":[247],"improvements,":[249],"markedly":[251],"lower":[252],"probability.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2026-07-09T00:00:00"}
