{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162094610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902","title":"Toward Lightweight, Communication-Efficient, and Energy-Aware Federated Learning Under Non-IID Settings","display_name":"Toward Lightweight, Communication-Efficient, and Energy-Aware Federated Learning Under Non-IID Settings","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162094610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059879949","display_name":"Greeshma Sarath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-0826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greeshma Sarath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-0826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136793116","display_name":"M Geetha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Geetha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-8731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041549614","display_name":"Jyothisha J. Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-8896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177436651","display_name":"Mahatma Gandhi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h4spn88","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177436651"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyothisha J. Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177436651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81944015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"5820","last_page":"5839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7282999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7282999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.04540000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.27630001306533813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5885999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e76115bf8514f9e81007fa2de53c085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e76115bf8514f9e81007fa2de53c085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 7, Pp 5820-5839 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3695902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.863021969795227}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,14,42,105],"(FL)":[2],"has":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,63,115,135,214],"promising":[7],"privacy-preserving":[8],"methodology":[9],"for":[10,44,139],"cooperatively":[11],"training":[12,146],"machine":[13],"models":[15],"across":[16],"numerous":[17],"machines":[18],"without":[19],"transferring":[20],"sensitive":[21],"data":[22],"between":[23,217],"them.":[24],"However,":[25],"the":[26,97,104,142,158,168,192,236,241,248],"substantial":[27],"communication":[28,171,218,237,271],"overhead":[29],"and":[30,79,109,164,180,200,203,220,257,264,272],"diverse":[31],"client":[32,46,66,189],"contributions":[33],"hinder":[34],"its":[35],"practical":[36],"implementation.":[37],"Recent":[38],"approaches":[39],"leverage":[40],"reinforcement":[41,73],"(RL)":[43],"adaptive":[45],"selection,":[47],"but":[48],"such":[49],"methods":[50,75],"often":[51],"suffer":[52],"from":[53],"high":[54,93,253],"complexity":[55],"in":[56,76,96,125,206,209],"real-world":[57],"FL":[58],"environments.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"presents":[62],"greedy":[64],"token-based":[65],"selection":[67],"(GreedyTBCS)":[68],"strategy":[69],"that":[70,103,157,247],"can":[71,166,226,265],"surpass":[72],"learning-based":[74],"stable":[77],"non-Independent":[78],"Identically":[80],"Distributed":[81],"(non-IID)":[82],"settings.":[83,127],"The":[84,223],"priority":[85],"is":[86,130,258],"given":[87],"to":[88,120,185,233,252,260],"clients":[89],"whose":[90],"updates":[91],"show":[92,246],"energy":[94,267],"concentration":[95],"dominant":[98],"frequency":[99],"components,":[100],"which":[101,212],"means":[102],"signals":[106],"are":[107],"structured":[108,231],"aligned":[110],"globally.":[111],"We":[112],"also":[113],"introduced":[114],"contribution-aware":[116],"Aggregation":[117],"technique":[118],"(CAAgg)":[119],"achieve":[121],"early":[122],"convergence,":[123],"particularly":[124],"non-IID":[126,210],"Communication":[128],"efficiency":[129,219,268],"further":[131],"enhanced":[132],"by":[133,173,269],"introducing":[134],"novel":[136],"energy-aware":[137],"mechanism":[138],"adaptively":[140,273],"controlling":[141],"number":[143,169],"of":[144,170,255],"local":[145,275],"epochs":[147],"named":[148],"Token":[149],"Adaptive":[150],"Local":[151],"Training":[152],"(TALT).":[153],"Experimental":[154],"results":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"proposed":[159,224,249],"framework":[160,193,225,250],"including":[161],"GreedyTBCS,":[162],"CAAgg":[163],"TALT":[165],"minimize":[167,235],"cycles":[172],"59.7%":[174],"on":[175,178,182,198],"MNIST,":[176],"50.6%":[177],"CIFAR-10":[179,201],"10%":[181],"CIFAR-100":[183,207],"compared":[184],"FedAvg":[186],"with":[187,229],"random":[188],"selection.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"always":[194],"achieves":[195],"equivalent":[196],"accuracy":[197],"MNIST":[199],"datasets":[202],"3.7%":[204],"increase":[205,266],"dataset":[208],"contexts,":[211],"shows":[213],"good":[215],"trade-off":[216],"model":[221,242],"performance.":[222],"be":[227],"combined":[228],"DCT-based":[230],"sparsification":[232],"greatly":[234],"payload":[238],"while":[239],"maintaining":[240],"accuracy.":[243],"Extensive":[244],"experiments":[245],"scales":[251],"numbers":[254],"clients,":[256],"robust":[259],"moderate":[261],"heterogeneous":[262],"networks,":[263],"reducing":[270],"adjusting":[274],"computation.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-23T00:00:00"}
