{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160284244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595","title":"Performance Analysis of Unauthorized UAV Detection Using RF Sensing Under Non-Ideal Transceiver Conditions","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Unauthorized UAV Detection Using RF Sensing Under Non-Ideal Transceiver Conditions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160284244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048639049","display_name":"Emad Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-8741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135289970","display_name":"Wessam Mesbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9124-0143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wessam Mesbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9124-0143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135340482","display_name":"Suhail Al-Dharrab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhail Al-Dharrab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-8029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123999947","display_name":"Salama Ikki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SALAMA S. Ikki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-4447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86777356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"4945","last_page":"4958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.30570000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.30570000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.2506999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.0568000003695488,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2551000118255615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3690595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4451062083244324}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"uncrewed":[1],"aerial":[2],"vehicles":[3,35],"(UAVs)":[4],"offer":[5],"significant":[6],"benefits":[7],"in":[8,23,50,70,87,99,220,233,238,264],"both":[9,71],"civilian":[10],"and":[11,30,43,68,73,93,103,123,152,202,211,236],"military":[12],"applications,":[13],"their":[14,39],"unauthorized":[15],"use":[16],"poses":[17],"serious":[18],"security":[19],"threats.":[20],"Their":[21],"operation":[22],"restricted":[24],"environments":[25],"can":[26],"compromise":[27],"safety,":[28],"security,":[29],"privacy,":[31],"even":[32],"though":[33],"these":[34],"are":[36],"valued":[37],"for":[38,83,118,159,256,260],"low":[40],"cost,":[41],"mobility,":[42],"ability":[44],"to":[45,65,167],"maintain":[46],"line-of-sight":[47],"(LoS)":[48],"connections":[49],"non-terrestrial":[51],"networks.":[52],"Among":[53],"the":[54,88,110,119,124,132,135,147,169,178,181,189,193,208,225,242,254],"available":[55],"countermeasures,":[56],"radio":[57],"frequency":[58],"(RF)\u2013based":[59],"sensing":[60],"is":[61,165],"particularly":[62,219],"attractive":[63],"due":[64],"its":[66],"affordability":[67],"effectiveness":[69],"LoS":[72,221],"non-line-of-sight":[74],"(NLoS)":[75],"conditions.":[76,176,204],"This":[77,162],"work":[78],"develops":[79],"two":[80],"detection":[81,102,113,122,155,217,228,263],"frameworks":[82],"identifying":[84],"malicious":[85],"UAVs":[86],"presence":[89],"of":[90,101,121,126,134,195,227,244],"non-ideal":[91,136],"transceivers":[92],"provides":[94],"a":[95,154],"comprehensive":[96],"performance":[97,186],"analysis":[98],"terms":[100],"false-alarm":[104],"probabilities.":[105],"The":[106,138,251],"first":[107],"framework":[108,140],"employs":[109],"Neyman\u2013Pearson":[111],"(NP)":[112],"approach,":[114],"deriving":[115],"analytical":[116,209],"expressions":[117,210],"probability":[120,125,226],"false":[127],"alarm":[128],"while":[129],"explicitly":[130],"incorporating":[131],"impact":[133,243],"transceiver.":[137],"second":[139],"introduces":[141],"an":[142],"optimal":[143],"detector":[144,164,183],"based":[145],"on":[146],"log-likelihood":[148],"ratio":[149],"test":[150],"(LRT),":[151],"derives":[153],"threshold":[156,172,197],"that":[157,213],"accounts":[158],"transceiver":[160,214,245],"non-idealities.":[161],"LRT-based":[163,182],"shown":[166],"outperform":[168],"conventional":[170],"NP":[171,190],"under":[173,199],"realistic":[174],"operating":[175],"In":[177],"low-power":[179],"regime,":[180],"demonstrates":[184],"noticeable":[185],"improvements":[187],"over":[188],"detector,":[191],"highlighting":[192],"benefit":[194],"adaptive":[196],"design":[198,258],"practical":[200],"channel":[201],"hardware":[203],"Simulation":[205],"results":[206],"validate":[207],"show":[212],"non-idealities":[215,246],"degrade":[216],"performance,":[218],"environments.":[222,250],"For":[223],"example,":[224],"decreases":[229],"by":[230],"about":[231],"13.0%":[232],"suburban":[234],"scenarios":[235],"12.1%":[237],"urban":[239],"scenarios,":[240],"demonstrating":[241],"across":[247],"different":[248],"propagation":[249],"findings":[252],"highlight":[253],"need":[255],"impairment-aware":[257],"strategies":[259],"reliable":[261],"UAV":[262],"real-world":[265],"deployments.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"}