{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134809291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832","title":"Attention-Enhanced Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning for Joint Power and Frequency Resource Allocation in Multi-Beam Satellite Communications","display_name":"Attention-Enhanced Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning for Joint Power and Frequency Resource Allocation in Multi-Beam Satellite Communications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134809291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128667128","display_name":"Xudong Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1847-3677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128633585","display_name":"Baoquan Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoquan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128668081","display_name":"Zibo Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zibo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-6190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101794311","display_name":"Jiaqi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-6723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128644598","display_name":"Zhen Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5363-6107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032970558","display_name":"Qijie Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8607-3966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijie Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8607-3966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128649324","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035031943","display_name":"Jinpeng Ran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinpeng Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068921399","display_name":"Yangzi Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangzi Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0137-3334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128683995","display_name":"Senbai Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senbai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-2251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43366941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"2430","last_page":"2445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7445999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.5867999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clipping","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.39250001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7537999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7445999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5867999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776848632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853463","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072483","display_name":"Channel allocation schemes","level":3,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134579502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455619","display_name":"Frequency allocation","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41135fbae67e4795be0c6acc4b4eaf60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41135fbae67e4795be0c6acc4b4eaf60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 7, Pp 2430-2445 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3671832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6561315655708313,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,89,115,239],"core":[2],"component":[3],"of":[4,62,130,157],"Satellite-Terrestrial":[5],"Integrated":[6],"Networks":[7],"(STINs),":[8],"multi-beam":[9,247],"satellite":[10,52,248],"systems":[11],"face":[12],"prominent":[13],"challenges":[14],"in":[15,198,251],"time-frequency":[16],"resource":[17,53,241],"allocation,":[18],"including":[19],"scarce":[20],"spectrum":[21],"resources,":[22],"severe":[23],"inter-beam":[24],"interference,":[25],"and":[26,69,100,121,135,195,229],"conflicting":[27],"multi-objective":[28,47,67,82],"requirements.":[29],"Deep":[30],"reinforcement":[31],"learning":[32],"(DRL)":[33],"provides":[34,238],"an":[35,80,111,140,168],"effective":[36],"end-to-end":[37,224],"decision-making":[38],"framework":[39],"with":[40,105],"strong":[41],"environmental":[42],"perception":[43],"capabilities.":[44,72],"However,":[45],"existing":[46,193],"DRL":[48],"(MODRL)":[49],"approaches":[50],"for":[51,172,244],"allocation":[54,242],"still":[55],"exhibit":[56],"shortcomings":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59],"insufficient":[60],"extraction":[61],"key":[63,200],"state":[64,108],"features,":[65],"unbalanced":[66],"trade-offs,":[68],"weak":[70],"anti-interference":[71,101],"To":[73],"address":[74],"these":[75],"issues,":[76],"this":[77],"paper":[78,237],"proposes":[79],"attention-enhanced":[81],"proximal":[83],"policy":[84],"optimization":[85,91],"algorithm":[86],"(Attention-MO-PPO).":[87],"Firstly,":[88],"four-objective":[90],"model":[92],"incorporating":[93],"system":[94,202],"throughput,":[95],"user":[96,132,207],"fairness,":[97],"energy":[98,213],"efficiency,":[99],"performance":[102],"is":[103,124,150,176],"established,":[104],"improved":[106],"channel":[107,133],"modeling":[109],"via":[110],"interference-aware":[112],"factor.":[113],"Secondly,":[114],"dual":[116],"attention":[117,123],"mechanism":[118,171],"integrating":[119],"spatial":[120],"temporal":[122],"designed":[125],"to":[126,152,178],"enhance":[127],"the":[128,154,158,163,173,180,188],"capture":[129],"high-priority":[131],"features":[134],"dynamic":[136,246],"interference":[137,218],"patterns.":[138],"Thirdly,":[139],"adaptive":[141,169],"weight":[142],"reward":[143],"function":[144],"based":[145],"on":[146],"Pareto":[147,159],"optimality":[148],"theory":[149],"developed":[151],"optimize":[153],"distribution":[155],"uniformity":[156],"solution":[160,243],"set":[161],"using":[162],"Shannon-Wiener":[164],"diversity":[165],"index.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"adjustment":[170],"clipping":[174],"threshold":[175],"introduced":[177],"improve":[179],"algorithm\u2019s":[181],"training":[182],"stability.":[183],"Simulation":[184],"results":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"that":[187],"proposed":[189],"Attention-MO-PPO":[190],"significantly":[191],"outperforms":[192],"MODRL":[194],"traditional":[196],"methods":[197],"six":[199],"indicators:":[201],"throughput":[203],"(increased":[204],"by":[205,211,216,222,227,234],"23.7%),":[206],"fairness":[208],"index":[209],"(improved":[210],"18.5%),":[212],"efficiency":[214],"(enhanced":[215],"21.3%),":[217],"suppression":[219],"ratio":[220],"(reduced":[221],"41.8%),":[223],"delay":[225],"(decreased":[226],"27.6%),":[228],"packet":[230],"loss":[231],"rate":[232],"(lowered":[233],"55.0%).":[235],"This":[236],"high-performance":[240],"complex":[245],"communication":[249],"scenarios":[250],"STINs.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-11T00:00:00"}