{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130548508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185","title":"Hybrid Energy-Aware Framework for WSNs: Clustering, Routing, and Optimization Using PSO, Fuzzy Logic, and SOM","display_name":"Hybrid Energy-Aware Framework for WSNs: Clustering, Routing, and Optimization Using PSO, Fuzzy Logic, and SOM","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130548508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124327612","display_name":"H. N. Vishwas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. N. Vishwas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-4097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122927626","display_name":"T. K. Ramesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. K. Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-5172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":18.0209,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98276125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1827","last_page":"1842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"Differential evolution","score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.35120001435279846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6470999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3666185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.48381495475769043}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,50,246],"recent":[1],"applications":[2],"of":[3,13,42,53,67,75,90,99,177,206,248],"Wireless":[4],"Sensor":[5],"Networks":[6],"(WSNs)":[7],"have":[8],"attracted":[9],"significant":[10,27],"interests":[11],"because":[12],"their":[14],"broad":[15],"application":[16],"in":[17,29,47,70,77,81,144,242,261],"industrial":[18],"automation,":[19],"healthcare":[20],"monitoring,":[21],"and":[22,55,59,72,88,131,142,164,184,216,238,254,274,284],"environmental":[23],"monitoring.":[24],"Nevertheless,":[25],"a":[26,94,97,227,252],"issue":[28],"WSNs":[30],"is":[31,147,170,197],"how":[32],"to":[33,38,63,106,113,135,172,199,233,257],"maximize":[34],"the":[35,40,43,65,73,91,107,151,175,178,201,204,221,235,258,267],"energy":[36,83,115,137,162,214,239,259,279],"use":[37],"increase":[39],"lifetime":[41],"network":[44,92,109,218,244,282],"without":[45],"compromises":[46],"data":[48,210],"delivery.":[49],"classical":[51],"methods":[52],"clustering":[54,141,152,236,273],"routing,":[56,211],"e.g.,":[57],"LEACH":[58],"its":[60],"derivatives,":[61],"tend":[62],"consider":[64],"selection":[66],"cluster":[68,157],"heads":[69],"isolation":[71],"optimization":[74],"routing":[76,143,275],"isolation,":[78],"which":[79,111,212,231],"results":[80,264],"uneven":[82],"consumption,":[84],"untimely":[85],"nodes":[86],"death,":[87],"inefficiency":[89],"as":[93,181],"whole.":[95],"Furthermore,":[96],"lot":[98],"current":[100],"metaheuristic":[101],"techniques":[102,250],"cannot":[103],"dynamically":[104,173],"adjust":[105,174],"evolving":[108],"conditions,":[110,190],"leads":[112],"poor":[114],"management.":[116],"This":[117],"paper":[118],"presents":[119],"an":[120],"integrated":[121],"approach":[122,139,225,269],"that":[123,266],"combines":[124],"Particle":[125],"Swarm":[126],"Optimization":[127],"(PSO),":[128],"Fuzzy":[129,168],"Logic,":[130],"Self-Organizing":[132],"Maps":[133],"(SOM)":[134],"achieve":[136],"conservating":[138],"using":[140],"WSNs.":[145,262],"PSO":[146],"used":[148,198],"for":[149,209],"optimizing":[150],"process":[153],"by":[154],"selecting":[155],"optimal":[156,207],"heads,":[158],"thus":[159],"ensuring":[160,191],"balanced":[161],"distribution":[163],"reducing":[165],"communication":[166],"overhead.":[167],"Logic":[169],"utilized":[171],"parameters":[176],"network,":[179,202],"such":[180],"node":[182],"reliability":[183],"transmission":[185],"power,":[186],"based":[187],"on":[188],"real-time":[189],"efficient":[192],"resource":[193],"utilization.":[194],"Additionally,":[195],"SOM":[196,223],"self-organize":[200],"facilitating":[203],"identification":[205],"paths":[208],"minimizes":[213],"consumption":[215],"maximizes":[217],"lifetime.":[219,245],"Moreover,":[220],"proposed":[222],"guided":[224],"introduces":[226],"cross-layer":[228],"interaction":[229],"mechanism":[230],"helps":[232],"enhance":[234],"stability":[237],"balance":[240],"resulting":[241],"improved":[243],"incorporation":[247],"these":[249],"delivers":[251],"robust":[253],"adaptive":[255],"solution":[256],"challenges":[260],"Simulation":[263],"demonstrate":[265],"suggested":[268],"significantly":[270],"outperforms":[271],"traditional":[272],"strategies,":[276],"offering":[277],"enhanced":[278],"efficiency,":[280],"better":[281],"lifetime,":[283],"reduced":[285],"packet":[286],"loss.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}