{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129022064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325","title":"Spectre-Fed: Evolving Federated Edge Intelligence From FedEdge-ID to Robust-Private IoT Intrusion Detection via Hybrid Adversarial Training","display_name":"Spectre-Fed: Evolving Federated Edge Intelligence From FedEdge-ID to Robust-Private IoT Intrusion Detection via Hybrid Adversarial Training","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129022064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037123372","display_name":"Saeed Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-2370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122870969","display_name":"Junsheng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsheng WU","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3974-5838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042607279","display_name":"Mian Muhammad Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-9655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169019527","display_name":"Quanzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/006ak0b38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169019527"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123686","display_name":"Quzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/024nfx323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mian Muhammad Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering, Quanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-9655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering, Quanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169019527","https://openalex.org/I4210123686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076877194","display_name":"Mohammed K. Alzaylaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-3458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed K. Alzaylaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, College of Engineering and Computing in Al-Qunfudhah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-3458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, College of Engineering and Computing in Al-Qunfudhah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039774990","display_name":"Mohammad Alibakhshikenari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8263-1572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168346926","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38","country_code":"IE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168346926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Alibakhshikenari","raw_affiliation_strings":["LERO, The Research Ireland Centre for Software, College of Science and Engineering, School of Computer Science, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8263-1572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LERO, The Research Ireland Centre for Software, College of Science and Engineering, School of Computer Science, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168346926","https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":9.3783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96056044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1994","last_page":"2012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.19130000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.19130000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.13989999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.1177000030875206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8201000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5827000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5178999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8201000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7437000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5827000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5178999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193856179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251100","display_name":"Defeasible estate","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.13025/30296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2026.3665325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71c31f01d0604f2a8fe8371aa1ef47da","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71c31f01d0604f2a8fe8371aa1ef47da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 7, Pp 1994-2012 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3665325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,50,72,131,262],"growing":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,5,75,81,252],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"devices":[8],"requires":[9],"decentralized":[10,21],"Edge":[11],"Intelligence":[12],"solutions.":[13,130],"As":[14],"the":[15,79,89,101,145,208,229,240,260],"current":[16,51],"FL-based":[17],"IDS":[18],"systems":[19],"are":[20],"solutions":[22],"for":[23,70,175,284],"privacy":[24,39,93,123,271],"protection,":[25],"face":[26],"two":[27],"major":[28],"problems:":[29],"(1)":[30,152],"network":[31],"traffic":[32],"manipulation":[33],"through":[34,268],"adversarial":[35,59,96,214,278],"evasion":[36],"attacks":[37,44,221,249,279],"(2)":[38,164],"threats":[40],"from":[41,228,250],"gradient-based":[42],"inference":[43],"and":[45,95,121,179,273],"(3)":[46,180],"server-side":[47,107,235],"Robustness":[48],"issue.":[49],"methods":[52],"which":[53,66,118,280],"use":[54],"Differential":[55],"Privacy":[56,167],"(DP)":[57],"or":[58],"training":[60],"result":[61],"in":[62],"5-15%":[63],"accuracy":[64,200,218,244],"reduction":[65],"makes":[67,281],"them":[68],"unsuitable":[69],"deployment.":[71],"key":[73,150],"novelty":[74],"our":[76],"work":[77],"is":[78,119],"integration":[80],"a":[82,203,224],"novel":[83],"dual-defense":[84],"framework":[85,147],"that":[86,191],"uniquely":[87],"reconciles":[88],"conflict":[90],"between":[91],"differential":[92],"noise":[94,170],"gradient":[97,177],"requirements,":[98],"effectively":[99],"eliminating":[100],"conventional":[102],"\u201daccuracy":[103],"tax\u201d":[104],"along":[105],"with":[106,168,201,234],"Robust":[108,181,236],"Aggregation.":[109],"Our":[110],"research":[111],"develops":[112],"an":[113],"enhanced":[114],"two-stage":[115],"federated":[116],"system":[117,133,241,263],"robust":[120],"protects":[122],"while":[124,254],"delivering":[125],"secure":[126,176],"IoT":[127,286],"edge":[128,141],"intelligence":[129],"core":[132],"FedEdge-ID":[134,146],"provides":[135],"99.73%":[136],"detection":[137],"performance":[138],"across":[139],"different":[140],"devices.":[142],"Spectre-Fed":[143],"enhances":[144],"via":[148],"three":[149],"defenses:":[151],"Hybrid":[153],"Loss":[154],"Adversarial":[155],"Training":[156],"(\u03b1=0.5)":[157],"to":[158,185,259,276],"fortify":[159],"decision":[160],"boundaries":[161],"against":[162,219],"evasion,":[163],"Gradient-Guided":[165],"Adaptive":[166],"decreasing":[169],"injection":[171],"(\u03c30=0.0005,":[172],"\u03b3":[173],"=0.95)":[174],"updates,":[178],"Trimmed":[182],"Mean":[183],"Aggregation":[184,237],"counter":[186],"Byzantine":[187],"poisoning.":[188],"Experiments":[189],"demonstrate":[190],"Spectre-Fed\u2019s":[192],"client-side":[193],"(Layer":[194,238],"1)":[195],"defense":[196],"achieves":[197,264],"99.72%":[198],"clean":[199,230],"only":[202],"0.01%":[204],"utility":[205,257],"loss":[206],"versus":[207],"non-private":[209],"baseline.":[210,261],"It":[211],"shows":[212],"strong":[213],"resilience,":[215],"retaining":[216],"99.34%":[217],"FGSM":[220],"(\u03f5":[222],"=0.01),":[223],"mere":[225],"0.38%":[226],"degradation":[227],"state.":[231],"When":[232],"integrated":[233],"2),":[239],"sustains":[242],"99.59%":[243],"even":[245],"under":[246],"active":[247],"label-flipping":[248],"20%":[251],"clients,":[253],"preserving":[255],"high":[256],"compared":[258],"optimal":[265],"privacy-utility":[266],"balance":[267],"its":[269,274],"formal":[270],"protection":[272],"ability":[275],"resist":[277],"it":[282],"suitable":[283],"zero-trust":[285],"systems.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00"}
