{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7105593642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519","title":"Space-Time Coded RIS-Assisted Wireless Systems With Imperfect CSI and Practical Reflection Models: Error Rate Analysis and Optimization With Saddle Point Approximation","display_name":"Space-Time Coded RIS-Assisted Wireless Systems With Imperfect CSI and Practical Reflection Models: Error Rate Analysis and Optimization With Saddle Point Approximation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7105593642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tayfun Yilmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-4098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tayfun Yilmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Avionics, Kocaeli University, Izmit, Kocaeli, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-4098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics, Kocaeli University, Izmit, Kocaeli, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haci Ilhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-6126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4101805","display_name":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0547yzj13","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haci Ilhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communication Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-6126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communication Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ibrahim Hokelek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-178X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Hokelek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Signal Processing Research (H&#x0130;SAR) Lab., T&#x00DC;B&#x0130;TAK B&#x0130;LGEM, Gebze, Kocaeli, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-178X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Signal Processing Research (H&#x0130;SAR) Lab., T&#x00DC;B&#x0130;TAK B&#x0130;LGEM, Gebze, Kocaeli, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43248237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"9547","last_page":"9568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saddle","display_name":"Saddle","score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saddle-point","display_name":"Saddle point","score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.3402000069618225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777127463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10862618","display_name":"Saddle","level":2,"score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2681867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690935","display_name":"Saddle point","level":2,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101796028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535587","display_name":"Moment-generating function","level":3,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145242015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774123","display_name":"Approximation theory","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206468330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834373","display_name":"Code rate","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140479938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5254619","display_name":"Iterated function","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:88225d7a-78c2-4a88-bbca-40bfe52437be","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.kocaeli.edu.tr/publication/details/88225d7a-78c2-4a88-bbca-40bfe52437be/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055291","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi - AVES\u0130S","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e06f5ab94707487fa2f1f67e8a7d86c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e06f5ab94707487fa2f1f67e8a7d86c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 9547-9568 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3632519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"Surface":[2],"(RIS)-assisted":[3],"communication":[4],"has":[5],"recently":[6],"attracted":[7],"significant":[8],"attention":[9],"for":[10,33,44,99,167],"enhancing":[11],"wireless":[12],"performance":[13,241],"in":[14],"challenging":[15],"environments,":[16],"making":[17],"accurate":[18],"error":[19,47],"analysis":[20,50,109,184],"under":[21,71,171],"practical":[22,62],"hardware":[23],"constraints":[24],"and":[25,67,133,144,147,170],"imperfect":[26,172],"channel":[27,72,84,173],"state":[28,174],"information":[29,175],"(CSI)":[30,176],"conditions":[31],"crucial":[32],"future":[34],"multi-antenna":[35],"systems.":[36],"This":[37,223],"paper":[38],"presents":[39],"a":[40,226],"unified":[41,128],"theoretical":[42],"framework":[43],"the":[45,78,82,94,120,156,159,186,194,201,206,214,218],"symbol":[46],"rate":[48],"(SER)":[49],"of":[51,81,93,97,158,205,217],"RIS-assisted":[52],"multiple-antenna":[53],"systems":[54],"employing":[55],"orthogonal":[56],"space\u2013time":[57],"block":[58],"codes":[59],"(OSTBC),":[60],"considering":[61],"reflection":[63],"models":[64],"with":[65,242],"amplitude-dependent":[66],"quantized":[68],"phase":[69,142,236],"responses":[70],"estimation":[73],"errors":[74],"(CEEs).":[75],"By":[76],"exploiting":[77],"Gramian":[79],"structure":[80],"cascaded":[83,219],"f,":[85],"we":[86,112,126,190],"derive":[87,127],"exact":[88,132],"moment-generating":[89],"function":[90,210],"(MGF)":[91],"expressions":[92,130],"nonzero":[95,215],"eigenvalue":[96,121,216],"ff":[98],"small":[100],"RIS":[101,105,140,235],"sizes.":[102],"For":[103],"large-scale":[104],"deployments,":[106],"where":[107],"closed-form":[108],"becomes":[110],"intractable,":[111],"employ":[113],"Saddle":[114],"Point":[115],"Approximation":[116],"(SPA)":[117],"to":[118,138,200,213],"approximate":[119],"distribution.":[122],"Using":[123],"these":[124],"results,":[125],"SER":[129,161,188,240],"using":[131],"SPA-based":[134,187],"MGF":[135],"formulations,":[136],"applicable":[137],"arbitrary":[139],"sizes,":[141],"configuration,":[143],"both":[145],"identical":[146],"non-identical":[148],"amplitude":[149],"responses.":[150],"Extensive":[151],"Monte":[152],"Carlo":[153],"simulations":[154],"confirm":[155],"accuracy":[157],"proposed":[160],"expressions,":[162],"demonstrating":[163],"very":[164],"close":[165],"agreement":[166],"all":[168],"configurations":[169],"scenarios.":[177],"In":[178],"addition,":[179],"by":[180],"applying":[181],"asymptotic":[182],"SNR":[183],"on":[185],"formulation,":[189],"mathematically":[191],"establish":[192],"that":[193,231],"coding":[195],"gain":[196],"is":[197],"inversely":[198],"proportional":[199],"Nt-th":[202],"negative":[203,227],"moment":[204,228],"SPA-approximated":[207],"probability":[208],"density":[209],"(PDF)":[211],"corresponding":[212],"RIS\u2013receiver":[220],"Gram":[221],"matrix.":[222],"insight":[224],"motivates":[225],"minimization":[229],"algorithm":[230],"efficiently":[232],"identifies":[233],"hardware-constrained":[234],"configurations,":[237],"achieving":[238],"near-optimal":[239],"low":[243],"complexity.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}
