{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415706976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689","title":"Optimal Placement of Fire Detection Sensors for Reduced Interference in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Optimal Placement of Fire Detection Sensors for Reduced Interference in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415706976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046325653","display_name":"Zeeshan Shafiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-5111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeeshan Shafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-5111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011636347","display_name":"Rabia Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-7177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabia Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Swabi, Pakistan","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Swabi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061089749","display_name":"Mohammad Haseeb Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-4798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8408910","display_name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bqvf857","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Haseeb Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybersecurity and Information Networks Center, Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, U.K","Cardiff School of Technologies, Cybersecurity and Information Networks Center, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-4798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybersecurity and Information Networks Center, Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff School of Technologies, Cybersecurity and Information Networks Center, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032049626","display_name":"Ghulam Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-9414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Operations and Development in the Directorate of ORIC, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","Research Operations and Development in the Directorate of ORIC, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-9414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Operations and Development in the Directorate of ORIC, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Operations and Development in the Directorate of ORIC, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008253624","display_name":"Ruhul Amin Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-9901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruhul Amin Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Requirement Unit, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE","Engineering Requirement Unit (ERU), College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-9901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Requirement Unit, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Requirement Unit (ERU), College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":1.3152,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8063238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"9304","last_page":"9321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.4620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.4620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.31700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.08340000361204147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6406999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio","score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-detection","display_name":"Fire detection","score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6406999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98824394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4035626","display_name":"Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780836893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19922674","display_name":"Fire detection","level":2,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4496999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f937bc239863484cbb85bb50119c7722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f937bc239863484cbb85bb50119c7722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 9304-9321 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3626689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,157,230],"optimal":[1,81,101,212],"deployment":[2,83,249],"of":[3,16,63,94,103,143,228,250,273],"wireless":[4],"sensor":[5,82,145,216],"networks":[6,18],"for":[7,13,29,202,221],"forest":[8,31],"fire":[9,96,105],"detection":[10,106],"is":[11,146,179,233,243,255,258],"crucial":[12],"the":[14,61,104,110,135,154,165,211,226,237,241,247,253],"formulation":[15],"cost-effective":[17],"and":[19,43,69,91,173,200,236,277],"reliable":[20,70],"communication":[21,93],"with":[22,130,148,261],"authorities.":[23],"There":[24],"are":[25,34,118],"some":[26],"traditional":[27],"methods":[28],"detecting":[30],"fires,":[32],"which":[33,215],"not":[35],"efficient":[36,92],"due":[37],"to":[38,120,137,195,246],"their":[39,121],"low":[40],"scan":[41],"period":[42],"high":[44],"infrastructural":[45],"costs.":[46],"While":[47],"contemporary":[48,262],"approaches":[49],"have":[50],"improved":[51],"aspects":[52],"like":[53],"localization,":[54],"they":[55],"often":[56],"overlook":[57],"a":[58,149],"critical":[59,95],"factor:":[60],"impact":[62],"signal":[64,136,158],"interference":[65,138],"on":[66,109],"network":[67,278],"performance":[68,270],"data":[71],"transmission.":[72],"This":[73,176],"paper":[74],"addresses":[75],"this":[76,197,206],"gap":[77],"by":[78,116,153,181,192],"proposing":[79],"an":[80],"method":[84],"that":[85,133,240],"mitigates":[86],"interference,":[87],"thereby":[88],"ensuring":[89],"robust":[90],"alarm":[97],"messages.":[98],"We":[99],"propose":[100],"placement":[102],"sensors":[107],"based":[108],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[111],"ratio":[112,141],"criterion.":[113],"Data":[114],"collected":[115],"sensors/nodes":[117],"transmitted":[119],"respective":[122],"cluster":[123,155,183],"head":[124,184],"using":[125],"carrier":[126],"sense":[127],"multiple":[128],"access":[129],"capture":[131],"effect,":[132],"is,":[134],"plus":[139],"noise":[140],"(SINR)":[142],"each":[144,182],"compared":[147,245],"predefined":[150,166],"threshold":[151],"set":[152],"head.":[156],"will":[159,170],"be":[160,171,219],"decoded":[161],"if":[162],"SINR":[163,177],"exceeds":[164],"threshold;":[167],"otherwise,":[168],"it":[169],"discarded":[172],"require":[174],"retransmission.":[175],"evaluation":[178],"conducted":[180,260],"only":[185],"at":[186,214],"every":[187,193],"geo-location":[188],"point":[189],"rather":[190],"than":[191],"node,":[194],"make":[196],"approach":[198,232],"scalable":[199],"practical":[201],"large-scale":[203],"implementation.":[204],"From":[205],"method,":[207],"we":[208],"can":[209],"find":[210],"positions":[213],"nodes":[217],"should":[218],"deployed":[220],"maximum":[222],"throughput,":[223],"thus":[224],"reducing":[225],"problem":[227],"interference.":[229],"proposed":[231,266],"analytically":[234],"evaluated,":[235],"results":[238],"show":[239],"throughput":[242,254],"53.28%":[244],"random":[248],"sensors,":[251],"where":[252,264],"45.21%.":[256],"Benchmarking":[257],"also":[259],"approaches,":[263],"our":[265],"algorithm":[267],"gives":[268],"stable":[269],"in":[271],"terms":[272],"delay,":[274],"energy":[275],"efficiency,":[276],"lifetime.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}
