{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7082629647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504","title":"From Sub-6 GHz to Millimeter-Wave: Dynamic Indoor Measurements, Channel Characteristics and Performance Evaluation","display_name":"From Sub-6 GHz to Millimeter-Wave: Dynamic Indoor Measurements, Channel Characteristics and Performance Evaluation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7082629647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Faruk Pasic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-563X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faruk Pasic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-563X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mariam Mussbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5276-4606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Mussbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5276-4606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Markus Hofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-9869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Hofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-9869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sebastian Caban","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Caban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stefan Schwarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4065-2906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schwarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4065-2906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thomas Zemen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zemen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Markus Rupp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-7779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Rupp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-7779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christoph F. Mecklenbr\u00e4uker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9571-0379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph F. Mecklenbr\u00e4uker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9571-0379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92665389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"8190","last_page":"8208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.3968000113964081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.3968000113964081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.054099999368190765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.02979999966919422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7172999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6360999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6331999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7172999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6360999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6331999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988879021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273623","display_name":"Radio channel","level":3,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778812306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275318","display_name":"Channel spacing","level":4,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7054721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940572","display_name":"Center frequency","level":3,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7dad4440a7da468289eb2e2fb1f80273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7dad4440a7da468289eb2e2fb1f80273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 8190-8208 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3613504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4004506766796112}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323591","display_name":"Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv8h305"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"wireless":[1],"communication":[2],"systems":[3,217],"will":[4],"extend":[5],"the":[6,96,106,113,134,149,183],"employed":[7],"frequency":[8,139,191],"bands":[9,17,33,64,140],"from":[10,148],"sub-6":[11,29,60],"GHz":[12,30,61,81,84],"to":[13,18,40,177,203],"millimeter":[14],"wave":[15],"(mmWave)":[16],"achieve":[19],"higher":[20],"data":[21],"rates.":[22],"To":[23],"investigate":[24],"different":[25],"propagation":[26,108],"characteristics":[27],"between":[28],"and":[31,62,82,91,127,163,166,174,192],"mmWave":[32,63,201,216],"in":[34,65,72,115,141,157,218],"indoor":[35,74],"environments,":[36],"it":[37],"is":[38],"essential":[39],"conduct":[41,101],"multi-band":[42,107],"channel":[43,51,196],"measurements.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"work,":[47],"we":[48,100,111,132],"perform":[49],"dynamic":[50,219],"measurements":[52],"using":[53],"a":[54,66,102,211],"measurement":[55,98],"setup":[56],"that":[57,155],"enables":[58],"comparing":[59],"fair":[67],"manner.":[68],"Measurements":[69],"are":[70,171,175],"conducted":[71],"an":[73],"environment":[75],"at":[76,85,137,200],"center":[77],"frequencies":[78,202],"of":[79,88,105,117,143],"2.55":[80],"25.5":[83],"transmitter":[86,193],"velocities":[87],"50":[89],"km/h":[90],"100":[92],"km/h.":[93],"Based":[94],"on":[95],"acquired":[97],"data,":[99],"comparative":[103],"analysis":[104],"characteristics.":[109],"Specifically,":[110],"compare":[112],"channels":[114],"terms":[116,142],"root-mean-square":[118],"(RMS)":[119],"delay":[120,161],"spread,":[121],"Rician":[122,164],"K-factor,":[123],"RMS":[124,128,184],"Doppler":[125,185],"spread":[126,162,186],"angular":[129,169],"spread.":[130],"Additionally,":[131],"evaluate":[133],"system":[135,180],"performance":[136,213],"both":[138],"achievable":[144],"spectral":[145],"efficiency":[146],"derived":[147],"measured":[150],"channels.":[151],"Our":[152],"results":[153],"show":[154],"differences":[156],"delay-domain":[158],"parameters":[159],"(RMS":[160,168],"K-factor)":[165],"angular-domain":[167],"spread)":[170],"relatively":[172],"minor":[173],"unlikely":[176],"significantly":[178],"impact":[179],"design.":[181],"However,":[182],"increases":[187],"proportionally":[188],"with":[189],"carrier":[190],"velocity,":[194],"causing":[195],"state":[197],"information":[198],"(CSI)":[199],"become":[204],"outdated":[205],"much":[206],"more":[207],"rapidly.":[208],"This":[209],"imposes":[210],"substantial":[212],"limitation":[214],"for":[215],"scenarios.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T06:10:49.150238","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}