{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412375731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871","title":"5G-NR Over Transparent Payload GEO Satellites: A Hands-On Approach Using OpenAirInterface5G-NTN","display_name":"5G-NR Over Transparent Payload GEO Satellites: A Hands-On Approach Using OpenAirInterface5G-NTN","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412375731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101541332","display_name":"Sumit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-6170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sumit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-6170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016074437","display_name":"Jevgenij Krivochiza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-3627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909555","display_name":"SES (Luxembourg)","ror":"https://ror.org/00526y629","country_code":"LU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jevgenij Krivochiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Product and Innovation, SES, Betzdorf, Luxembourg","SES, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Product and Innovation, SES, Betzdorf, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SES, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038557321","display_name":"T\u00fcrker Yilmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7344-3369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turker Yilmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7344-3369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045393382","display_name":"Jorge Querol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-5534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Querol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-5534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007826865","display_name":"Stefano Andrenacci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-4276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909555","display_name":"SES (Luxembourg)","ror":"https://ror.org/00526y629","country_code":"LU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Andrenacci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Product and Innovation, SES, Betzdorf, Luxembourg","SES, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-4276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Product and Innovation, SES, Betzdorf, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SES, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030746971","display_name":"Jo\u00ebl Grotz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4095-4015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909555","display_name":"SES (Luxembourg)","ror":"https://ror.org/00526y629","country_code":"LU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Grotz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Product and Innovation, SES, Betzdorf, Luxembourg","SES, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4095-4015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Product and Innovation, SES, Betzdorf, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SES, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101541332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":4.5793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94121776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"5969","last_page":"5987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9438999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.9210906028747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.7757202982902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5087633728981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4661110043525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4274749159812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.3401646912097931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.323374480009079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.168401300907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14559710025787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10548359155654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.9210906028747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.7757202982902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5087633728981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4661110043525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4274749159812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3401646912097931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.323374480009079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.168401300907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14559710025787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10548359155654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/65428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/65428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 1-1 (2025-07-08)","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df38c7282be94adb81b6086f648d6626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df38c7282be94adb81b6086f648d6626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 5969-5987 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3586871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123530431","https://openalex.org/W3037179217","https://openalex.org/W3086751733","https://openalex.org/W4250674471","https://openalex.org/W4285310810","https://openalex.org/W4323646012","https://openalex.org/W4379528201","https://openalex.org/W4387490216","https://openalex.org/W4393028130","https://openalex.org/W4403600522","https://openalex.org/W4404298990","https://openalex.org/W4404299040","https://openalex.org/W4405014350","https://openalex.org/W6748667146","https://openalex.org/W6764000579","https://openalex.org/W7010123392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535080110","https://openalex.org/W306312984","https://openalex.org/W857189463","https://openalex.org/W4288094128","https://openalex.org/W2979675132","https://openalex.org/W2790520092","https://openalex.org/W4306309337","https://openalex.org/W2312786236","https://openalex.org/W20648474","https://openalex.org/W2109516765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"inclusion":[1],"of":[2,12,58,72,128],"Non-Terrestrial":[3],"Network":[4,30],"(NTN)":[5],"components":[6,60],"has":[7,17],"significantly":[8],"enhanced":[9],"the":[10,35,55,99,126,136,185],"reach":[11],"5G":[13,94],"networks.":[14],"OpenAirInterface5G":[15],"(OAI)":[16],"developed":[18],"an":[19],"open-source,":[20],"Software-Defined":[21],"Radio":[22,143],"(SDR)-based":[23],"framework":[24],"for":[25,92],"5G-NTN,":[26],"using":[27,98],"its":[28,51],"Terrestrial":[29],"(TN)":[31],"protocol":[32],"stack":[33],"as":[34],"baseline.":[36],"OAI\u2019s":[37,112],"5G-NTN":[38,101,114,131,189,200],"adaptations":[39],"are":[40],"still":[41],"evolving,":[42],"requiring":[43],"in-lab":[44],"validations":[45],"and":[46,61,81,108,125,139,150,191,202],"field":[47],"trials":[48],"to":[49,157,198],"assess":[50],"effectiveness":[52],"in":[53,111,183],"addressing":[54,103],"unique":[56],"challenges":[57],"NTN":[59],"channel":[62,106],"characteristics.":[63],"Live":[64],"satellite":[65,105,193],"tests,":[66],"unlike":[67],"simulations,":[68],"demand":[69],"manual":[70],"tuning":[71],"key":[73],"parameters":[74,149],"like":[75],"carrier":[76],"frequency":[77],"offset,":[78],"timing":[79],"offsets,":[80],"gain":[82],"calibration.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"work,":[86],"we":[87],"present":[88],"a":[89,129,169,180],"practical":[90],"approach":[91],"deploying":[93],"over":[95,168],"GEO":[96,172],"satellites":[97],"OAI":[100],"suite,":[102],"(a)":[104,142],"impairments":[107],"(b)":[109,151],"limitations":[110],"current":[113],"implementation.":[115],"Our":[116],"work":[117,178],"provides":[118],"step-by-step":[119],"calibrations,":[120],"ensuring":[121],"both":[122],"experiment":[123,140],"reproducibility":[124],"realization":[127],"full":[130],"link.":[132],"We":[133,161,174],"further":[134],"identify":[135],"performance":[137],"bottlenecks":[138],"with":[141],"Link":[144],"Control":[145],"Acknowledgment":[146],"Mode":[147],"(RLC-AM)":[148],"Low-Density":[152],"Parity":[153],"Check":[154],"(LDPC)":[155],"iterations":[156],"improve":[158],"end-to-end":[159],"throughput.":[160],"validate":[162],"our":[163,177],"methods":[164],"via":[165],"live":[166,192],"tests":[167],"transparent":[170],"payload":[171],"satellite.":[173],"believe":[175],"that":[176],"represents":[179],"critical":[181],"step":[182],"bridging":[184],"gap":[186],"between":[187],"lab-based":[188],"emulation":[190],"testing,":[194],"offering":[195],"valuable":[196],"insights":[197],"advance":[199],"research":[201],"development.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}