{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411996040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506","title":"Adaptive Handover Optimization in LEO Satellite Networks Using Energy-Aware Q-Learning","display_name":"Adaptive Handover Optimization in LEO Satellite Networks Using Energy-Aware Q-Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411996040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106516620","display_name":"Unalido Ntabeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2033-0924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216286881","display_name":"Botswana International University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr2sq58","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Unalido Ntabeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046811673","display_name":"Bokamoso Basutli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-9550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216286881","display_name":"Botswana International University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr2sq58","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bokamoso Basutli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040878028","display_name":"Hirley Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-5313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirley Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088076311","display_name":"Joseph Chuma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1595-2031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216286881","display_name":"Botswana International University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr2sq58","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Chuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106516620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":3.4429,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9274871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"5657","last_page":"5666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.7543822526931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.7087400555610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6130311489105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.46426984667778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34684932231903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3378456234931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17924824357032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.13713374733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12651827931404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08507731556892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.06285101175308228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.7543822526931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.7087400555610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6130311489105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46426984667778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34684932231903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3378456234931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17924824357032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.13713374733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12651827931404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08507731556892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06285101175308228}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa2335edc1c544ccb92a4174015062c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa2335edc1c544ccb92a4174015062c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 5657-5666 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3585506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1460008853","https://openalex.org/W1636166896","https://openalex.org/W2006538144","https://openalex.org/W2109287630","https://openalex.org/W2154695481","https://openalex.org/W2248880694","https://openalex.org/W2399586126","https://openalex.org/W2465585074","https://openalex.org/W2531626949","https://openalex.org/W2743363440","https://openalex.org/W2806342976","https://openalex.org/W2894016320","https://openalex.org/W2924775053","https://openalex.org/W2934185291","https://openalex.org/W2972805136","https://openalex.org/W2998582523","https://openalex.org/W3001957043","https://openalex.org/W3009835640","https://openalex.org/W3035481639","https://openalex.org/W3091852275","https://openalex.org/W3098153877","https://openalex.org/W3124458808","https://openalex.org/W3133077107","https://openalex.org/W3170100817","https://openalex.org/W3199988476","https://openalex.org/W4221033466","https://openalex.org/W4224294433","https://openalex.org/W4283022838","https://openalex.org/W4293812336","https://openalex.org/W4312594306","https://openalex.org/W4315777592","https://openalex.org/W4380089168","https://openalex.org/W4388836103","https://openalex.org/W4391843562","https://openalex.org/W4394966982","https://openalex.org/W4409248228","https://openalex.org/W6760388052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520149731","https://openalex.org/W1981519115","https://openalex.org/W1985631144","https://openalex.org/W2087123996","https://openalex.org/W3111553259","https://openalex.org/W2128480633","https://openalex.org/W2270230623","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1],"orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"satellite":[4,143],"networks":[5],"are":[6],"rapidly":[7],"becoming":[8],"a":[9],"foundational":[10],"infrastructure":[11],"for":[12,60],"global":[13],"connectivity,":[14],"especially":[15],"in":[16,29,133,141],"remote":[17,62],"and":[18,40,82,98,121,138],"underserved":[19],"regions.":[20],"However,":[21],"the":[22],"high":[23],"mobility":[24],"of":[25],"LEO":[26,142],"satellites":[27],"results":[28,102],"frequent":[30],"handovers,":[31],"leading":[32],"to":[33,69,74,119,127],"increased":[34],"signaling":[35],"overhead,":[36],"elevated":[37],"energy":[38,84,139],"consumption":[39],"potential":[41],"service":[42,136],"disruptions.":[43],"To":[44],"address":[45],"these":[46],"challenges,":[47],"we":[48],"propose":[49],"an":[50],"energy-aware":[51],"handover":[52,115],"management":[53],"framework":[54],"based":[55],"on":[56],"Q-learning,":[57,95],"specifically":[58],"tailored":[59],"single-user,":[61],"scenarios.":[63],"The":[64],"proposed":[65],"scheme":[66],"dynamically":[67],"adapts":[68],"real-time":[70],"network":[71],"conditions,":[72],"aiming":[73],"maximize":[75],"signal":[76,109],"quality":[77,110],"while":[78],"minimizing":[79],"unnecessary":[80],"handovers":[81],"their":[83],"cost.":[85],"We":[86],"evaluate":[87],"its":[88,131],"performance":[89],"against":[90],"three":[91],"baseline":[92,128],"methods:":[93],"traditional":[94],"predictive":[96],"modeling,":[97],"entropy-based":[99],"selection.":[100],"Simulation":[101],"show":[103],"that":[104],"our":[105],"approach":[106],"improves":[107],"cumulative":[108],"by":[111,117],"over":[112],"50%,":[113],"reduces":[114],"frequency":[116],"up":[118],"65%":[120],"achieves":[122],"higher":[123],"coverage":[124],"probability":[125],"compared":[126],"methods,":[129],"demonstrating":[130],"effectiveness":[132],"enhancing":[134],"both":[135],"continuity":[137],"efficiency":[140],"communications.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}