{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409310541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376","title":"Advanced Scalable Multi-Beam Focusing for Indoor Optical Wireless Networks With IR Radiative Clusters","display_name":"Advanced Scalable Multi-Beam Focusing for Indoor Optical Wireless Networks With IR Radiative Clusters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409310541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095697100","display_name":"Sharadhi Gunathilake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8706-6057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharadhi Gunathilake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007036089","display_name":"Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7328-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014140899","display_name":"Kosala Herath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5300-8503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kosala Herath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088983596","display_name":"Malin Premaratne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malin Premaratne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095697100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":2.987,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90782658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"3624","last_page":"3643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.7538080215454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6897184252738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5906846523284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.5832394957542419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47185537219047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4717981219291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34802600741386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3080841302871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2725640535354614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.7538080215454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6897184252738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5906846523284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.5832394957542419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47185537219047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4717981219291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34802600741386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3080841302871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2725640535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f42f2e57517a4dfba9662f0a4cdbfb64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f42f2e57517a4dfba9662f0a4cdbfb64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 3624-3643 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3559376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7563783080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP230101757","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W332770779","https://openalex.org/W1007338623","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W2010785510","https://openalex.org/W2051821221","https://openalex.org/W2072921749","https://openalex.org/W2075148031","https://openalex.org/W2092093020","https://openalex.org/W2101030244","https://openalex.org/W2107861471","https://openalex.org/W2119833845","https://openalex.org/W2122894121","https://openalex.org/W2144728391","https://openalex.org/W2275032643","https://openalex.org/W2289636831","https://openalex.org/W2402834282","https://openalex.org/W2461132827","https://openalex.org/W2473201566","https://openalex.org/W2594450422","https://openalex.org/W2608096495","https://openalex.org/W2610279045","https://openalex.org/W2613722321","https://openalex.org/W2753406720","https://openalex.org/W2784210264","https://openalex.org/W2792965476","https://openalex.org/W2802065375","https://openalex.org/W2802405741","https://openalex.org/W2883271860","https://openalex.org/W2884165914","https://openalex.org/W2889909908","https://openalex.org/W2906301974","https://openalex.org/W2926283570","https://openalex.org/W2926595912","https://openalex.org/W2928252763","https://openalex.org/W2942295482","https://openalex.org/W2946032687","https://openalex.org/W2952814140","https://openalex.org/W2956616461","https://openalex.org/W2968928935","https://openalex.org/W2978467441","https://openalex.org/W2979599618","https://openalex.org/W2980356457","https://openalex.org/W3004579251","https://openalex.org/W3009718218","https://openalex.org/W3013994718","https://openalex.org/W3030336106","https://openalex.org/W3034459278","https://openalex.org/W3042744084","https://openalex.org/W3072338866","https://openalex.org/W3085805767","https://openalex.org/W3096185872","https://openalex.org/W3112162098","https://openalex.org/W3112564997","https://openalex.org/W3122299946","https://openalex.org/W3126690153","https://openalex.org/W3127237221","https://openalex.org/W3134180349","https://openalex.org/W3154014948","https://openalex.org/W3158297538","https://openalex.org/W3158684015","https://openalex.org/W3198795664","https://openalex.org/W3199784619","https://openalex.org/W3205700147","https://openalex.org/W3205740216","https://openalex.org/W3208224359","https://openalex.org/W3209846474","https://openalex.org/W3214390127","https://openalex.org/W4200197549","https://openalex.org/W4205108919","https://openalex.org/W4206336178","https://openalex.org/W4210823153","https://openalex.org/W4210847162","https://openalex.org/W4210911305","https://openalex.org/W4213224356","https://openalex.org/W4214709256","https://openalex.org/W4221155761","https://openalex.org/W4230319339","https://openalex.org/W4233791092","https://openalex.org/W4241971694","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4280611293","https://openalex.org/W4281661666","https://openalex.org/W4283592563","https://openalex.org/W4285112914","https://openalex.org/W4290960149","https://openalex.org/W4293701535","https://openalex.org/W4295934639","https://openalex.org/W4300950189","https://openalex.org/W4313034315","https://openalex.org/W4313059580","https://openalex.org/W4323065094","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W4394744873","https://openalex.org/W4399205858","https://openalex.org/W4401274427","https://openalex.org/W4402570169","https://openalex.org/W4404307146","https://openalex.org/W6795227791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118170786","https://openalex.org/W3183520589","https://openalex.org/W2120114434","https://openalex.org/W2541885365","https://openalex.org/W2103650324","https://openalex.org/W1990598748","https://openalex.org/W2290782212","https://openalex.org/W3140573905","https://openalex.org/W2357446907","https://openalex.org/W1967881792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"wireless":[1,31,245],"networks":[2,32,246],"emerge":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,20,35,48,97,118,124,129,133,139,165,170,195,227],"promising":[6],"solution":[7],"to":[8,23,53,70,152,177],"the":[9,55,58,78,91,106,161,203,239],"ever-growing":[10],"data":[11],"demand":[12],"for":[13,72,105,211,241],"user-centric":[14],"indoor":[15,29,243],"applications.":[16],"This":[17,158],"work":[18],"demonstrates":[19],"novel":[21],"approach":[22],"advance":[24],"multi-beam":[25,115,229],"radiation":[26,56],"patterns":[27],"in":[28,57,247],"optical":[30,37,244],"by":[33,168],"utilizing":[34],"cluster-based":[36],"aperture":[38],"comprising":[39],"IR":[40,45],"radiative":[41],"elements.":[42],"Spatially":[43],"distributed":[44],"clusters":[46,66,122,163],"permit":[47],"non-uniform":[49],"spherical":[50],"wave":[51],"model":[52],"focus":[54],"near-field":[59],"regime.":[60],"By":[61],"executing":[62],"sub-clusters":[63],"within":[64,132],"main":[65],"and":[67,137,156,184],"assigning":[68],"them":[69],"groups":[71],"phase":[73],"delay":[74],"compensation,":[75],"we":[76,95,113,193],"ensure":[77],"generation":[79],"of":[80,121,190],"independent":[81],"narrow":[82],"beams":[83],"focused":[84],"on":[85,109,123,149],"each":[86],"receiver":[87,150,179],"simultaneously.":[88],"To":[89],"mitigate":[90],"grating":[92],"lobe":[93],"formation,":[94],"incorporate":[96],"dual-carrier":[98],"framework":[99],"that":[100,201],"introduces":[101],"an":[102],"effective":[103],"wavelength":[104],"system.":[107],"Based":[108],"this":[110],"theoretical":[111],"model,":[112],"examine":[114],"focusing":[116,230],"with":[117,206],"systematic":[119],"arrangement":[120],"planar":[125],"ceiling.":[126],"It":[127],"follows":[128],"phased":[130,134],"array":[131,135,167],"structure":[136],"incorporates":[138],"sub-cluster":[140],"segmentation":[141],"algorithm.":[142],"We":[143],"suggest":[144],"optimizing":[145],"cluster":[146],"excitation":[147],"based":[148],"positions":[151],"enhance":[153],"power":[154],"efficiency":[155],"safety.":[157],"involves":[159],"selecting":[160],"optimal":[162],"from":[164],"uniform":[166],"solving":[169],"multiobjective":[171],"non-convex":[172],"binary":[173,204],"optimization":[174],"problem,":[175],"aiming":[176],"maximize":[178],"intensity,":[180],"minimize":[181],"intensity":[182],"variations,":[183],"reduce":[185],"side":[186],"lobes":[187],"level.":[188],"Instead":[189],"stochastic":[191],"algorithms,":[192],"adopt":[194],"sparse":[196],"relaxation-based":[197],"weighted":[198],"sum":[199],"method":[200],"convexifies":[202],"space":[205],"L1":[207],"norm":[208],"regularization":[209],"compensating":[210],"convexity.":[212],"The":[213],"Transformed":[214],"problem":[215],"is":[216],"solved":[217],"deterministically":[218],"via":[219],"Nelder-Mead":[220],"simplex":[221],"without":[222],"gradients.":[223],"Simulated":[224],"results":[225],"confirm":[226],"better":[228],"pattern,":[231],"effectively":[232],"balancing":[233],"three":[234],"objectives.":[235],"Our":[236],"findings":[237],"pave":[238],"way":[240],"sustainable":[242],"next-generation":[248],"communication.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}