{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408166073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430","title":"A Measurement-Based Power Consumption Model for Networks With Intelligent Control (RIC)","display_name":"A Measurement-Based Power Consumption Model for Networks With Intelligent Control (RIC)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408166073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102530430","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o P. S. H. Lima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo S. H. Lima","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","Institute for Communication Systems, 5G and6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2223-556X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, 5G and6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059257016","display_name":"George N. Katsaros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-9588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George N. Katsaros","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","Institute for Communication Systems, 5G and6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, 5G and6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032549075","display_name":"Rahim Tafazolli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahim Tafazolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","Institute for Communication Systems, 5G and6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-8639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, 5G and6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023023109","display_name":"Konstantinos Nikitopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Nikitopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","Institute for Communication Systems, 5G and6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, 5G and6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":2.0036,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85957595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"2017","last_page":"2031"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.608299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.608299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.5436999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.5152999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.681771457195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.5397663116455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5166500210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4563894271850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4048663377761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25739288330078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08489957451820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06772494316101074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.681771457195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5397663116455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5166500210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4563894271850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4048663377761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25739288330078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08489957451820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06772494316101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27b13107bfe44c859c3fcc22d37423c6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27b13107bfe44c859c3fcc22d37423c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 2017-2031 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3548430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W2147056723","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2796207786","https://openalex.org/W2898938808","https://openalex.org/W2969580338","https://openalex.org/W2974485808","https://openalex.org/W2982387767","https://openalex.org/W3038366466","https://openalex.org/W3084219572","https://openalex.org/W3134215411","https://openalex.org/W3189693726","https://openalex.org/W3214897310","https://openalex.org/W3215827683","https://openalex.org/W4210482483","https://openalex.org/W4225725726","https://openalex.org/W4253675308","https://openalex.org/W4285243919","https://openalex.org/W4288770726","https://openalex.org/W4290991606","https://openalex.org/W4297163704","https://openalex.org/W4313306229","https://openalex.org/W4316660971","https://openalex.org/W4317796310","https://openalex.org/W4328007725","https://openalex.org/W4365790147","https://openalex.org/W4377969491","https://openalex.org/W4386018961","https://openalex.org/W4387871091","https://openalex.org/W4389104783","https://openalex.org/W4389104797","https://openalex.org/W4391929662","https://openalex.org/W4392248707","https://openalex.org/W4392667244","https://openalex.org/W4393140446","https://openalex.org/W4394628776","https://openalex.org/W4399121355","https://openalex.org/W4399310894","https://openalex.org/W4399485118","https://openalex.org/W4399526723","https://openalex.org/W4400488074","https://openalex.org/W4401507905","https://openalex.org/W4401538740","https://openalex.org/W4401567199","https://openalex.org/W4401878712","https://openalex.org/W4403183086","https://openalex.org/W4403183462","https://openalex.org/W4404102022","https://openalex.org/W4404239724","https://openalex.org/W4405975328","https://openalex.org/W7056345265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open":[0,26,67,298],"Radio":[1],"Access":[2],"Network":[3],"(Open":[4],"RAN)":[5],"triggers":[6],"a":[7,142,171,223],"shift":[8],"towards":[9],"multi-vendor":[10],"deployments":[11],"with":[12,170,192],"increased":[13,36],"programmability,":[14],"flexibility,":[15],"and":[16,34,40,83,124,167,268,287],"intelligence.":[17],"Still,":[18],"several":[19],"critical":[20],"questions":[21,110,270],"remain":[22],"unanswered,":[23],"particularly":[24],"regarding":[25],"RAN's":[27],"impact":[28,126],"on":[29,47,130,160,271],"power":[30,55,97,116,131,144,156,185,211,224,233,244],"consumption.":[31,132,234],"New":[32],"interfaces":[33],"procedures,":[35],"softwarization,":[37],"real-time":[38],"analytics,":[39],"optimization":[41],"tasks":[42],"introduce":[43],"complexities":[44],"whose":[45],"effects":[46],"energy":[48,277,294],"usage":[49],"are":[50],"currently":[51],"unknown.":[52],"Moreover,":[53],"well-established":[54],"consumption":[56,98,113,145,157,186,225],"models":[57],"for":[58,80,135,291],"RAN":[59,68,73,162,232,299],"do":[60],"not":[61],"address":[62,108],"the":[63,72,77,92,96,100,125,136,154,231,264,272],"additional":[64],"elements":[65],"of":[66,95,99,127,158,177,210,230,255,266,274],"architecture,":[69],"such":[70],"as":[71],"Intelligent":[74],"Controller":[75],"(RIC),":[76],"central":[78],"element":[79],"near-real-time":[81],"decision-making":[82],"network":[84,240],"optimization.":[85],"In":[86,217],"this":[87,89,139,205,243],"context,":[88],"paper":[90],"presents":[91],"first":[93,137],"evaluation":[94],"RIC":[101,143,159,219,267,280,293],"platform":[102],"across":[103],"diverse":[104],"scenarios.":[105,283],"Specifically,":[106],"we":[107,181,285],"key":[109],"about":[111],"RIC's":[112,122,184],"by":[114],"performing":[115],"measurements":[117],"under":[118,281],"varying":[119],"workloads,":[120],"assessing":[121],"scalability,":[123],"different":[128,161],"parameters":[129],"Additionally,":[133,235],"also":[134],"time,":[138],"work":[140],"introduces":[141],"model,":[146],"which":[147],"can":[148],"be":[149],"directly":[150],"utilized":[151],"to":[152,212,248,263],"assess":[153],"system-level":[155],"site":[163],"scenarios":[164],"(macro,":[165],"micro,":[166],"pico":[168],"sites),":[169],"mean":[172],"absolute":[173],"percentage":[174],"error":[175],"(MAPE)":[176],"only":[178,191],"0.54%.":[179],"Interestingly":[180],"find":[182],"that":[183,227],"alone,":[187],"even":[188,197,221],"when":[189,236],"operating":[190],"its":[193],"essential":[194],"functionalities,":[195],"may":[196,220,245],"exceed":[198],"14":[199],"kW":[200],"while":[201],"overseeing":[202],"300":[203],"sites,":[204],"is":[206],"equivalent":[207],"in":[208,252,296],"terms":[209],"over":[213,256],"160":[214],"micro":[215],"sites.":[216],"cases,":[218],"impose":[222],"overhead":[226,254],"exceeds":[228],"100%":[229],"monitoring":[237],"100":[238],"heterogeneous":[239],"clusters":[241],"(HetNets),":[242],"scale":[246],"up":[247],"60":[249],"kW,":[250],"resulting":[251],"an":[253],"30%.":[257],"These":[258],"conditions":[259],"present":[260],"significant":[261],"challenges":[262],"scalability":[265],"raise":[269],"feasibility":[273],"achieving":[275],"net":[276],"savings":[278],"through":[279],"specific":[282],"Finally,":[284],"discuss":[286],"propose":[288],"potential":[289],"strategies":[290],"optimizing":[292],"efficiency":[295],"next-generation":[297],"systems.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}