{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407638326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479","title":"C-RAN and Optical Fronthaul Latency in Representative Network Topologies","display_name":"C-RAN and Optical Fronthaul Latency in Representative Network Topologies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407638326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027634399","display_name":"Dave Townend","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-5426"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dave Townend","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Laboratories, Adastral Park, Martlesham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Adastral Park, Martlesham, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102945334","display_name":"Stuart D. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-9846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart D. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","theUniversity of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"theUniversity of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088720312","display_name":"Neil Parkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5824-3388"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Parkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Laboratories, Adastral Park, Martlesham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Adastral Park, Martlesham, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008090741","display_name":"Anvar Tukmanov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anvar Tukmanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Laboratories, Adastral Park, Martlesham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Adastral Park, Martlesham, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027634399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":1.4856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80554769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1438","last_page":"1445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.7367969155311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.6571797132492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6336839199066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.6045236587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46686244010925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.464232861995697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-optical-network","display_name":"Passive optical network","score":0.45739611983299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.38989585638046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33079832792282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.27617400884628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21900328993797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1508033275604248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.7367969155311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.6571797132492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6336839199066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.6045236587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46686244010925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.464232861995697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204827203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027795","display_name":"Passive optical network","level":4,"score":0.45739611983299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.38989585638046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33079832792282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.27617400884628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21900328993797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1508033275604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a97b4f5d8ac6407abadbd980dd000c10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a97b4f5d8ac6407abadbd980dd000c10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 1438-1445 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3542479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061914652","https://openalex.org/W2296054864","https://openalex.org/W2769394227","https://openalex.org/W2892326481","https://openalex.org/W2895677730","https://openalex.org/W2983929888","https://openalex.org/W3158832185","https://openalex.org/W3217096482","https://openalex.org/W4234153606","https://openalex.org/W4304976096","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4385270038","https://openalex.org/W4394828369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018338683","https://openalex.org/W3037103914","https://openalex.org/W2922954044","https://openalex.org/W4315630224","https://openalex.org/W3197340217","https://openalex.org/W2618068568","https://openalex.org/W4294306393","https://openalex.org/W4381187802","https://openalex.org/W4311923021","https://openalex.org/W2692554635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"feasibility":[4,102],"study":[5],"aimed":[6],"at":[7,80,89,139,145],"understanding":[8],"centralized":[9,79,88],"radio":[10,19],"access":[11,20],"network":[12,21,45],"(C-RAN)":[13],"deployments":[14],"based":[15,114],"on":[16,115],"incumbent":[17],"distributed":[18],"(D-RAN)":[22],"topologies.":[23,120],"A":[24],"model":[25],"is":[26],"derived":[27],"to":[28,33,77,135],"allow":[29],"realistic":[30],"latency":[31,71],"characteristics":[32],"be":[34,78,112,132],"calculated":[35],"for":[36,50],"fronthaul":[37,70],"connectivity":[38],"between":[39,108],"existing":[40,116],"cell":[41,63],"sites":[42,125],"and":[43,85,143],"transport":[44,83,92,141,152],"aggregation":[46],"nodes":[47],"(hubs)":[48],"suitable":[49],"baseband":[51,74],"centralization.":[52],"Analysis":[53],"has":[54],"demonstrated":[55],"that":[56,100,126],"as":[57,59],"much":[58],"96%":[60],"of":[61,103,124],"urban":[62],"site":[64],"neighbor":[65],"pairs":[66],"could":[67,111,127,131],"satisfy":[68],"C-RAN":[69,129],"budgets":[72],"if":[73],"processing":[75],"were":[76],"the":[81,90,101,122],"local":[82,140],"hub":[84,93],"91%":[86],"when":[87,137],"regional":[91,146],"using":[94],"single":[95],"mode":[96],"fiber.":[97],"Findings":[98],"suggest":[99],"advanced":[104],"coordinated":[105],"transmission":[106],"schemes":[107],"such":[109],"pairings":[110],"realized":[113],"real-world":[117],"fiber":[118,151],"deployment":[119],"Furthermore,":[121],"proportion":[123],"support":[128],"requirements":[130],"increased":[133],"further":[134],"97%":[136],"aggregated":[138],"hubs":[142,147],"95%":[144],"where":[148],"hollow":[149],"core":[150],"solutions":[153],"are":[154],"employed.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}