{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407212594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355","title":"Toward Proactive, Secure and Efficient Space-Air-Ground Communications: Generative AI-Based DRL Framework","display_name":"Toward Proactive, Secure and Efficient Space-Air-Ground Communications: Generative AI-Based DRL Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407212594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005663546","display_name":"Amayika Kakati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amayika Kakati","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034845779","display_name":"Guoquan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-743X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoquan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014515635","display_name":"Elhadj Moustapha Diallo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4860-6253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elhadj Moustapha Diallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116176792","display_name":"Lilian Chiru Kawala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilian Chiru Kawala","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089754689","display_name":"Nasir Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-2165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060644315","display_name":"Abuzar B. M. Adam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-9734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abuzar B. M. Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg city, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg city, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005663546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":35.0154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99483956,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1284","last_page":"1298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.929099977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6725993156433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5658442378044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5412939786911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32965004444122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.04798194766044617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6725993156433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5658442378044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5412939786911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32965004444122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.04798194766044617}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24fc3083c9864928b329e724bac4a95c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24fc3083c9864928b329e724bac4a95c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 1284-1298 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3539355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2653592338","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2886485362","https://openalex.org/W2892656107","https://openalex.org/W2962684895","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3081243160","https://openalex.org/W3116704261","https://openalex.org/W3172818029","https://openalex.org/W3189657012","https://openalex.org/W3193872239","https://openalex.org/W3212830287","https://openalex.org/W3213833661","https://openalex.org/W3214473185","https://openalex.org/W3215230729","https://openalex.org/W4281555530","https://openalex.org/W4286362892","https://openalex.org/W4291652755","https://openalex.org/W4293221718","https://openalex.org/W4294067767","https://openalex.org/W4312315462","https://openalex.org/W4362683502","https://openalex.org/W4366149343","https://openalex.org/W4377079773","https://openalex.org/W4385525334","https://openalex.org/W4389574677","https://openalex.org/W4392173729","https://openalex.org/W4392392820","https://openalex.org/W4392945107","https://openalex.org/W4394586120","https://openalex.org/W4394898304","https://openalex.org/W4396594875","https://openalex.org/W4396674610","https://openalex.org/W4399801199","https://openalex.org/W4400679101","https://openalex.org/W4402978519","https://openalex.org/W6854023628","https://openalex.org/W6872014123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2380075625","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,128],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,37,56,73,102,236,259,268],"low-Earth-orbit":[4],"(LEO)":[5],"satellites":[6,75],"has":[7],"enabled":[8],"integrated":[9],"space-air-ground":[10,63,177,263],"networks":[11,21,162],"to":[12,16,76,135,163,173,195,217,241,247],"provide":[13],"seamless":[14],"connectivity":[15],"mobile":[17],"users.":[18,79,97],"However,":[19],"these":[20,142],"face":[22],"challenges":[23,55],"such":[24,184],"as":[25,185],"physical":[26],"layer":[27],"security":[28],"risks":[29],"from":[30],"line-of-sight":[31],"channels":[32],"and":[33,46,59,110,126,171,192,214,221,245,261],"the":[34,54,70,91,100,176,198,218,257,266],"energy":[35,47,57,104,238],"constraints":[36],"high-altitude":[38,87],"platforms":[39,88],"(HAPs),":[40],"necessitating":[41],"solutions":[42],"for":[43,271],"secure":[44,60,260],"communication":[45,61,273],"efficiency.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50,108],"work,":[51],"we":[52,113,144],"address":[53],"efficiency":[58,105],"in":[62,94,107,137,175,204,234],"networks,":[64,264],"which":[65,158],"are":[66],"becoming":[67],"critical":[68],"with":[69],"increasing":[71],"deployment":[72],"LEO":[74,92],"support":[77],"high-mobility":[78],"We":[80],"propose":[81],"a":[82,115,146],"novel":[83],"downlink":[84],"architecture":[85],"where":[86],"(HAPs)":[89],"assist":[90],"satellite":[93],"serving":[95],"ground":[96],"To":[98,140],"tackle":[99],"demands":[101],"secrecy":[103,237],"(SEE)":[106],"dynamic":[109,242],"complex":[111,209],"network,":[112],"formulate":[114],"non-convex":[116],"optimization":[117],"problem":[118],"that":[119,227],"jointly":[120],"considers":[121],"HAP":[122,188],"trajectory,":[123],"user-HAP":[124],"association,":[125],"beamforming.":[127,193],"problem\u2019s":[129],"non-convexity":[130],"makes":[131],"it":[132],"computationally":[133],"challenging":[134],"solve":[136],"polynomial":[138],"time.":[139],"overcome":[141],"challenges,":[143],"introduce":[145],"generative":[147,160],"artificial":[148],"intelligence":[149],"(GAI)-based":[150],"deep":[151],"reinforcement":[152],"learning":[153],"(DRL)":[154],"framework,":[155],"named":[156],"Gen-DRL,":[157],"leverages":[159],"adversarial":[161],"empower":[164],"its":[165],"agents.":[166],"This":[167,251],"framework":[168],"dynamically":[169],"predicts":[170],"adapts":[172],"changes":[174],"network":[178,249],"environment":[179],"by":[180,206],"optimizing":[181],"key":[182],"parameters":[183],"channel":[186],"states,":[187],"trajectories,":[189],"user":[190,243],"associations,":[191],"Compared":[194],"conventional":[196],"methods,":[197],"proposed":[199],"Gen-DRL":[200,228],"achieves":[201],"significant":[202],"improvements":[203],"SEE":[205],"effectively":[207],"managing":[208],"interdependencies":[210],"among":[211],"multiple":[212],"agents":[213],"intelligently":[215],"adapting":[216],"network\u2019s":[219],"goals":[220],"constraints.":[222],"Extensive":[223],"simulation":[224],"results":[225],"demonstrate":[226],"consistently":[229],"outperforms":[230],"existing":[231],"state-of-the-art":[232],"frameworks":[233],"terms":[235],"efficiency,":[239],"robustness":[240],"locations,":[244],"adaptability":[246],"varying":[248],"parameters.":[250],"work":[252],"provides":[253],"new":[254],"insights":[255],"into":[256],"design":[258],"energy-efficient":[262],"highlighting":[265],"potential":[267],"GAI-based":[269],"DRL":[270],"future":[272],"systems.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-02-07T00:00:00"}
