{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405975138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518","title":"PRIDA-ME: A Privacy-Preserving, Interoperable and Decentralized Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environment","display_name":"PRIDA-ME: A Privacy-Preserving, Interoperable and Decentralized Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405975138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108008439","display_name":"Mehmood Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7102-678X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehmood Ul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022579793","display_name":"Yawar Abbas Bangash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6013-062X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawar Abbas Bangash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Computing and Cyber Resilience (DSCCR), SET, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Computing and Cyber Resilience (DSCCR), SET, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032009749","display_name":"Waseem Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-2621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47818738","display_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wq8zb47","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["OM","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waseem Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman","Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007232302","display_name":"Abdellah Chehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-6062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51768193","display_name":"Royal Military College of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04yr71909","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdellah Chehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada","Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), Kingston, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100672825","display_name":"Javed Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0598-8401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javed Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108008439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":16.254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98502257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"493","last_page":"515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7363054156303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6979841589927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.6450624465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6251646280288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5494791269302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4718834161758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.4161238372325897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25006234645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.19720053672790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.11522480845451355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7363054156303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6979841589927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.6450624465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6251646280288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5494791269302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4718834161758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.4161238372325897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25006234645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.19720053672790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.11522480845451355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f7d665f915f470897acaf6f516fb45f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f7d665f915f470897acaf6f516fb45f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 6, Pp 493-515 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3523518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561441787","https://openalex.org/W1603878273","https://openalex.org/W2010939995","https://openalex.org/W2026130590","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2126960670","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2159090575","https://openalex.org/W2166821106","https://openalex.org/W2559950795","https://openalex.org/W2595871304","https://openalex.org/W2620904645","https://openalex.org/W2969883136","https://openalex.org/W2999836029","https://openalex.org/W3015644726","https://openalex.org/W3045356871","https://openalex.org/W3121545277","https://openalex.org/W3135398899","https://openalex.org/W3171162811","https://openalex.org/W4206388446","https://openalex.org/W4211092666","https://openalex.org/W4225433534","https://openalex.org/W4280632067","https://openalex.org/W4285504886","https://openalex.org/W4285554264","https://openalex.org/W4286655454","https://openalex.org/W4294891500","https://openalex.org/W4295788720","https://openalex.org/W4311080749","https://openalex.org/W4311962735","https://openalex.org/W4312463999","https://openalex.org/W4313201775","https://openalex.org/W4313856434","https://openalex.org/W4318014836","https://openalex.org/W4320170205","https://openalex.org/W4320717855","https://openalex.org/W4321770423","https://openalex.org/W4323065970","https://openalex.org/W4324290234","https://openalex.org/W4366590429","https://openalex.org/W4367662805","https://openalex.org/W4368232621","https://openalex.org/W4376130058","https://openalex.org/W4377700170","https://openalex.org/W4381786410","https://openalex.org/W4387132220","https://openalex.org/W4387395039","https://openalex.org/W4387412921","https://openalex.org/W4396560015","https://openalex.org/W4396859925","https://openalex.org/W6636629600","https://openalex.org/W6638433239","https://openalex.org/W6802749020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3138471234","https://openalex.org/W4247958311","https://openalex.org/W4396832849","https://openalex.org/W1584662471","https://openalex.org/W2785089443","https://openalex.org/W2265117524","https://openalex.org/W1467576422","https://openalex.org/W4297873676","https://openalex.org/W4315641028","https://openalex.org/W3185220576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,139,166,184,202],"metaverse":[1,45,69,219],"is":[2,24,70],"a":[3,25,94,130,146,190,196,206],"new":[4],"virtual":[5,27],"world":[6],"that":[7,56,134,187,212],"has":[8],"the":[9,44,62,68,173,215,218],"potential":[10],"to":[11,85,102,214,235],"significantly":[12],"impact":[13],"our":[14],"interactions":[15],"with":[16,20,34],"digital":[17,41],"content":[18],"and":[19,33,39,53,82,96,107,112,129,150,157,162,181,208,225,228],"each":[21],"other.":[22],"It":[23],"shared":[26],"environment":[28],"where":[29],"users":[30],"can":[31],"seamlessly":[32],"immersive":[35],"experiences":[36],"create,":[37],"interact,":[38],"enjoy":[40],"assets.":[42],"Nevertheless,":[43],"also":[46],"poses":[47],"fundamental":[48],"challenges,":[49],"particularly":[50],"about":[51],"security":[52,106,170,194],"privacy":[54,108,226],"concerns,":[55],"require":[57],"careful":[58],"consideration.":[59],"One":[60],"of":[61,66,79,152,193,199,217],"most":[63],"daunting":[64],"aspects":[65],"securing":[67],"authentication.":[71],"Several":[72],"solutions":[73],"have":[74],"been":[75],"proposed,":[76],"including":[77,155],"deployment":[78],"blockchain":[80],"technology":[81],"smart":[83],"contracts,":[84],"address":[86],"these":[87,91],"authentication":[88,98,120,210],"challenges.":[89],"While":[90],"methods":[92],"provide":[93],"secure":[95],"tamper-proof":[97],"mechanism,":[99],"they":[100],"fail":[101],"meet":[103],"certain":[104],"critical":[105],"requirements":[109,216],"like":[110],"interoperability":[111],"decentralization.":[113],"This":[114],"research":[115],"proposes":[116],"an":[117],"enhanced":[118],"privacy-preserving":[119],"scheme":[121,141,168,204],"based":[122],"on":[123,145],"blockchain,":[124],"elliptic":[125],"curve":[126],"cryptography,":[127],"biohashing,":[128],"physical":[131],"unclonable":[132],"function":[133],"guards":[135],"against":[136,195],"various":[137,153],"attacks.":[138],"proposed":[140,167,203],"does":[142],"not":[143],"rely":[144],"single":[147],"central":[148],"authority":[149],"consists":[151],"phases,":[154],"user":[156],"avatar":[158,163],"authentication,":[159],"password":[160],"change,":[161],"generation":[164],"phases.":[165],"underwent":[169],"assessment":[171],"using":[172],"Burrows":[174],"Abadi":[175],"Needham":[176],"(BAN)":[177],"logic,":[178],"ProVerif":[179],"tool,":[180],"Scyther":[182],"tool.":[183],"results":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"it":[188],"provides":[189],"better":[191],"level":[192],"wide":[197],"range":[198],"attack":[200],"vectors.":[201],"offers":[205],"swift":[207],"efficient":[209],"mechanism":[211],"adheres":[213],"environment,":[220],"such":[221],"as":[222,233],"interoperability,":[223],"decentralization,":[224],"protection,":[227],"requires":[229],"less":[230],"computation":[231],"cost":[232],"compared":[234],"state-of-the-art":[236],"schemes.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
