{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404840251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777","title":"A Bayesian Framework of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Joint O-RAN/MEC Orchestration","display_name":"A Bayesian Framework of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Joint O-RAN/MEC Orchestration","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404840251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082343781","display_name":"Fahri Wisnu Murti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-0905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahri Wisnu Murti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-0905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087341629","display_name":"Samad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-8435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035872239","display_name":"Matti Latva\u2010aho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-0969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Latva-aho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-0969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.3799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54715485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.8343051671981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8160483241081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5265988111495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5228010416030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.49455592036247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.48743489384651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4642561078071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.43735551834106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32884278893470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20613503456115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1313711702823639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.05665639042854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.05483320355415344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.8343051671981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8160483241081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5265988111495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5228010416030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.49455592036247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.48743489384651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4642561078071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.43735551834106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32884278893470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20613503456115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1313711702823639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.05665639042854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.05483320355415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:246faca711c14af2ab80b47318dbee6a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/246faca711c14af2ab80b47318dbee6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 7685-7700 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3509777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1960932928","https://openalex.org/W2105808107","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2287724167","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2769883686","https://openalex.org/W2870180737","https://openalex.org/W2895864522","https://openalex.org/W2896356700","https://openalex.org/W2896528274","https://openalex.org/W2919034928","https://openalex.org/W2963797557","https://openalex.org/W2975763760","https://openalex.org/W3028002358","https://openalex.org/W3043957834","https://openalex.org/W3081211774","https://openalex.org/W3091784801","https://openalex.org/W3111924881","https://openalex.org/W3112342143","https://openalex.org/W3113370602","https://openalex.org/W3122487705","https://openalex.org/W3135397602","https://openalex.org/W3156001213","https://openalex.org/W3191021135","https://openalex.org/W3210420200","https://openalex.org/W3211437387","https://openalex.org/W3213252240","https://openalex.org/W3217596786","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4226124539","https://openalex.org/W4284965015","https://openalex.org/W4285173333","https://openalex.org/W4285243919","https://openalex.org/W4296873526","https://openalex.org/W4320029382","https://openalex.org/W4366966596","https://openalex.org/W4383220028","https://openalex.org/W4393379216","https://openalex.org/W4401211277","https://openalex.org/W4402775845","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6747890380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1766728438","https://openalex.org/W1668090144","https://openalex.org/W2504993638","https://openalex.org/W2083168956","https://openalex.org/W2980853820","https://openalex.org/W404373762","https://openalex.org/W79913212","https://openalex.org/W2186004379","https://openalex.org/W2107427363","https://openalex.org/W2132764178"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-access":[0],"Edge":[1],"Computing":[2],"(MEC)":[3],"can":[4],"be":[5],"implemented":[6],"together":[7],"with":[8,138,159],"Open":[9],"Radio":[10],"Access":[11],"Network":[12],"(O-RAN)":[13],"to":[14,22,68,83,176,209,221],"offer":[15],"low-cost":[16],"deployment":[17],"and":[18,32,58,76,86,122,180,213],"bring":[19],"services":[20],"closer":[21],"end-users.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"the":[27,48,70,102,106,113,116,129,204],"joint":[28],"orchestration":[29,90],"of":[30,105,154],"O-RAN":[31,49],"MEC":[33,78],"using":[34,187],"a":[35,95,134,146,152,170],"Bayesian":[36,171],"deep":[37],"reinforcement":[38],"learning":[39,172,178],"(RL)":[40],"framework":[41,45,173],"is":[42,67,92,110,162,174,197],"proposed.":[43,163],"The":[44,65,191],"jointly":[46],"controls":[47],"functional":[50],"splits,":[51],"O-RAN/MEC":[52,108],"computing":[53],"resource":[54,87],"allocation,":[55],"hosting":[56],"locations,":[57],"data":[59],"flow":[60],"routing":[61],"across":[62],"geo-distributed":[63],"platforms.":[64],"goal":[66],"minimize":[69],"long-term":[71],"total":[72],"network":[73],"operation":[74],"cost":[75],"maximize":[77],"performance":[79,179],"criterion":[80],"while":[81],"adapting":[82],"varying":[84],"demands":[85],"availability.":[88],"This":[89],"problem":[91],"formulated":[93,130],"as":[94],"Markov":[96],"decision":[97],"process":[98],"(MDP).":[99],"However,":[100],"finding":[101],"exact":[103],"model":[104],"underlying":[107],"system":[109,114],"impractical":[111],"since":[112],"shares":[115],"same":[117],"resources,":[118],"serves":[119],"heterogeneous":[120],"demands,":[121],"its":[123,210],"parameters":[124],"have":[125],"non-trivial":[126],"relationships.":[127],"Moreover,":[128],"MDP":[131],"results":[132,192],"in":[133],"large":[135],"state":[136],"space":[137],"multidimensional":[139],"discrete":[140],"actions.":[141],"To":[142],"address":[143],"these":[144],"challenges,":[145],"model-free":[147],"RL":[148],"agent":[149],"based":[150],"on":[151],"combination":[153],"Double":[155],"Deep":[156,215],"Q-network":[157],"(DDQN)":[158],"action":[160],"branching":[161],"Furthermore,":[164],"an":[165,188],"efficient":[166],"exploration-exploitation":[167],"strategy":[168],"under":[169],"leveraged":[175],"improve":[177],"expedite":[181],"convergence.":[182],"Trace-driven":[183],"simulations":[184],"are":[185],"performed":[186],"O-RAN-compliant":[189],"model.":[190],"show":[193],"that":[194],"our":[195],"approach":[196],"data-efficient":[198],"(i.e.,":[199],"converges":[200],"significantly":[201],"faster),":[202],"increases":[203],"reward":[205],"by":[206,219],"32%":[207],"compared":[208],"non-Bayesian":[211],"version,":[212],"outperforms":[214],"Deterministic":[216],"Policy":[217],"Gradient":[218],"up":[220],"41%.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}