{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404056708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093","title":"Design and Operation Principles of a Wave-Controlled Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface","display_name":"Design and Operation Principles of a Wave-Controlled Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404056708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114522125","display_name":"Gal Ben-Itzhak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gal Ben-Itzhak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076004117","display_name":"Miguel Saavedra-Melo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8832-9892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Saavedra-Melo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114522126","display_name":"Benjamin Bradshaw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Bradshaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037308417","display_name":"Ender Ayano\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-230X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ender Ayanoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032289821","display_name":"Filippo Capolino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0758-6182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Capolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027055000","display_name":"A. Lee Swindlehurst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0521-3107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Lee Swindlehurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114522125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":1.2761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77700669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"7730","last_page":"7751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.5975000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.5975000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.49521604180336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4556189179420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.42762523889541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3467838764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17444583773612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09874501824378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08146467804908752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.49521604180336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4556189179420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.42762523889541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3467838764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17444583773612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09874501824378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08146467804908752}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6771531b6d454208b6d2aff9a2f71370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6771531b6d454208b6d2aff9a2f71370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 7730-7751 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3492093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1332522583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2030029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070634050","https://openalex.org/W2121716262","https://openalex.org/W2122385067","https://openalex.org/W2154061444","https://openalex.org/W2160595416","https://openalex.org/W2167035058","https://openalex.org/W2240574075","https://openalex.org/W2295512501","https://openalex.org/W2495463883","https://openalex.org/W2942228371","https://openalex.org/W3120822682","https://openalex.org/W3175883525","https://openalex.org/W3202943682","https://openalex.org/W4200552317","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4285161583","https://openalex.org/W4296910868","https://openalex.org/W4312471131","https://openalex.org/W4312678284","https://openalex.org/W4313022019","https://openalex.org/W4322704117","https://openalex.org/W4386495015","https://openalex.org/W4389610347","https://openalex.org/W4390045279","https://openalex.org/W4402979684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2071322258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,65],"Reconfigurable":[1],"Intelligent":[2],"Surface":[3],"(RIS)":[4],"consists":[5],"of":[6,39,50,56,141,208,284,287],"many":[7],"small":[8],"reflective":[9],"elements":[10,41,108],"whose":[11],"reflection":[12],"properties":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15,30,46],"adjusted":[16],"to":[17,32,68,91,128,148,176,245,267],"change":[18],"the":[19,37,48,54,75,93,106,125,130,142,149,182,190,195,206,209,214,220,240,247,262,282],"wireless":[20],"propagation":[21],"environment.":[22],"Envisioned":[23],"implementations":[24],"require":[25],"that":[26,109,173,187,238],"each":[27,88,98,288],"RIS":[28,40,89,99,107,131,184,264,293],"element":[29,290],"connected":[31],"a":[33,43,61,158,165],"controller,":[34],"and":[35,114,157,179,226,231,254,271,291],"as":[36,118,120],"number":[38,55],"on":[42,47],"surface":[44],"may":[45],"order":[49],"hundreds":[51],"or":[52,194],"more,":[53],"required":[57],"electrical":[58],"connectors":[59],"creates":[60],"difficult":[62],"wiring":[63],"problem.":[64],"potential":[66],"solution":[67],"this":[69],"problem":[70],"was":[71],"previously":[72],"proposed":[73],"by":[74],"authors":[76],"in":[77,181,256,274,279],"which":[78],"\u201cbiasing":[79],"transmission":[80,126,143],"lines\u201d":[81],"carrying":[82],"standing":[83,145,171],"waves":[84,172],"are":[85,174],"sampled":[86],"at":[87],"location":[90],"produce":[92],"desired":[94,275],"bias":[95,151],"voltage":[96,147],"for":[97,105,111,123,139,169,205,213,218,223,228],"element.":[100],"This":[101,277],"paper":[102,135,162,200],"presents":[103],"models":[104,122],"account":[110],"mutual":[112],"coupling":[113],"realistic":[115],"varactor":[116,150,289],"characteristics,":[117],"well":[119],"circuit":[121,249],"sampling":[124],"line":[127,144],"generate":[129,177,268],"control":[132,286],"signals.":[133],"The":[134,161,199],"investigates":[136],"two":[137,204],"techniques":[138],"conversion":[140],"wave":[146],"voltage,":[152],"namely":[153],"an":[154],"envelope":[155,210,241],"detector":[156,242],"sample-and-hold":[159,215,248],"circuit.":[160],"also":[163],"develops":[164],"modal":[166],"decomposition":[167],"approach":[168],"generating":[170],"able":[175,266],"beams":[178,270],"nulls":[180,273],"resulting":[183],"radiation":[185],"pattern":[186],"maximize":[188],"either":[189],"Signal-to-Noise":[191],"Ratio":[192,197],"(SNR)":[193],"Signal-to-Leakage-plus-Noise":[196],"(SLNR).":[198],"provides":[201],"five":[202],"algorithms,":[203],"case":[207,283],"detector,":[211],"one":[212,217,227],"circuit,":[216],"pursuing":[219],"global":[221],"minimum":[222],"both":[224],"circuits,":[225],"simultaneous":[229],"beam":[230],"null":[232],"steering.":[233],"Extensive":[234],"simulation":[235],"results":[236],"show":[237],"while":[239],"is":[243,265,278],"simpler":[244],"implement,":[246],"has":[250],"substantially":[251,257],"better":[252],"performance":[253],"runs":[255],"less":[258],"time.":[259],"In":[260],"addition,":[261],"wave-controlled":[263],"strong":[269],"deep":[272],"directions.":[276],"contrast":[280],"with":[281],"arbitrary":[285],"idealized":[292],"models.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
