{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403445937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965","title":"Detection of Zero-Day Attacks in a Software-Defined LEO Constellation Network Using Enhanced Network Metric Predictions","display_name":"Detection of Zero-Day Attacks in a Software-Defined LEO Constellation Network Using Enhanced Network Metric Predictions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403445937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024375425","display_name":"Dennis Agnew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Agnew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-2655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114285898","display_name":"Ashlee Rice-Bladykas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashlee Rice-Bladykas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8663-3949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026358353","display_name":"Janise McNair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-8723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janise Mcnair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":1.4929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.855476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"6611","last_page":"6634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.7008094191551208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6411900520324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5083600878715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.4169032871723175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18760865926742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09587374329566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.08512628078460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06601086258888245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.7008094191551208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6411900520324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5083600878715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4169032871723175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18760865926742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09587374329566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.08512628078460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06601086258888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c0d0252500b4bb9b7503b6c0a2bd848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c0d0252500b4bb9b7503b6c0a2bd848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 6611-6634 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3481965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5288576742","display_name":"Phase I IUCRC University of Florida:  Center for Space, High-Performance, and Resilient Computing (SHREC)","funder_award_id":"1738420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310009","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7103816","https://openalex.org/W7719974","https://openalex.org/W11504794","https://openalex.org/W140280521","https://openalex.org/W1487626875","https://openalex.org/W1522260799","https://openalex.org/W1968163239","https://openalex.org/W2000309274","https://openalex.org/W2003422680","https://openalex.org/W2022578767","https://openalex.org/W2027645392","https://openalex.org/W2039866862","https://openalex.org/W2040340473","https://openalex.org/W2053987409","https://openalex.org/W2083830507","https://openalex.org/W2099501333","https://openalex.org/W2104364147","https://openalex.org/W2123548135","https://openalex.org/W2124497098","https://openalex.org/W2142562077","https://openalex.org/W2232720325","https://openalex.org/W2290414438","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2472937683","https://openalex.org/W2504160828","https://openalex.org/W2519028216","https://openalex.org/W2535307483","https://openalex.org/W2566754664","https://openalex.org/W2740310146","https://openalex.org/W2792933253","https://openalex.org/W2798515322","https://openalex.org/W2886061540","https://openalex.org/W2898227265","https://openalex.org/W2900709685","https://openalex.org/W2941458981","https://openalex.org/W2941952695","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W3010897263","https://openalex.org/W3011880600","https://openalex.org/W3012454270","https://openalex.org/W3021157052","https://openalex.org/W3025204993","https://openalex.org/W3092815249","https://openalex.org/W3097039206","https://openalex.org/W3108414243","https://openalex.org/W3114936454","https://openalex.org/W3133506268","https://openalex.org/W3153966928","https://openalex.org/W3171365152","https://openalex.org/W3176721776","https://openalex.org/W3210622359","https://openalex.org/W3212923306","https://openalex.org/W3214709021","https://openalex.org/W3215230729","https://openalex.org/W3216956110","https://openalex.org/W4210878212","https://openalex.org/W4210890996","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4229658977","https://openalex.org/W4238749543","https://openalex.org/W4285527966","https://openalex.org/W4289597961","https://openalex.org/W4291278258","https://openalex.org/W4309939034","https://openalex.org/W4322493038","https://openalex.org/W4322623110","https://openalex.org/W4367663204","https://openalex.org/W4375865055","https://openalex.org/W4381890377","https://openalex.org/W4385347245","https://openalex.org/W4385517044","https://openalex.org/W4388506701","https://openalex.org/W4390120245","https://openalex.org/W4394730941","https://openalex.org/W4401942442","https://openalex.org/W6600484403","https://openalex.org/W6605677186","https://openalex.org/W6636991330","https://openalex.org/W6638835209","https://openalex.org/W6720572967","https://openalex.org/W6750729320","https://openalex.org/W6761552310","https://openalex.org/W6787850662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2801080295","https://openalex.org/W2502457263","https://openalex.org/W4322709807","https://openalex.org/W2901245944","https://openalex.org/W4377967113","https://openalex.org/W3186841189","https://openalex.org/W2078292672","https://openalex.org/W2382519356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SATCOM":[0,13,42,101],"is":[1],"crucial":[2],"for":[3,66,82,113,145,186],"tactical":[4],"networks,":[5,20,70],"particularly":[6,103],"submarines":[7],"with":[8,245],"sporadic":[9],"communication":[10,69],"requirements.":[11],"Emerging":[12],"technologies,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,71,73],"low-earth-orbit":[17],"(LEO)":[18],"satellite":[19],"provide":[21],"lower":[22],"latency,":[23],"greater":[24],"data":[25,112,144,204],"reliability,":[26],"and":[27,55,115,202,237,242,251],"higher":[28],"throughput":[29],"than":[30],"long-distance":[31],"geostationary":[32],"(GEO)":[33],"satellites.":[34],"Software-defined":[35],"networking":[36],"(SDN)":[37],"has":[38,174],"been":[39],"introduced":[40],"to":[41,45,48,95,99,108,120,139,157,162,179,189,209,222,228],"networks":[43],"due":[44,107,119],"its":[46],"ability":[47],"enhance":[49],"management":[50],"while":[51],"strengthening":[52],"network":[53,184,207,230],"control":[54],"security.":[56],"In":[57,149],"our":[58,153,169],"previous":[59],"work,":[60],"we":[61,151],"proposed":[62],"a":[63,130,158,224],"SD-LEO":[64],"constellation":[65],"naval":[67],"submarine":[68],"well":[72],"an":[74],"extreme":[75],"gradient":[76],"boosting":[77],"(XGBoost)":[78],"machine-learning":[79],"(ML)":[80],"approach":[81],"classifying":[83],"denial-of-service":[84],"attacks":[85,91,213],"against":[86,211],"the":[87,93,100,104,109,135,197,219],"constellation.":[88],"Nevertheless,":[89],"zero-day":[90,146,191,212,243],"have":[92],"potential":[94],"cause":[96],"major":[97],"damage":[98],"network,":[102],"controller":[105,137,155,160,182],"architecture,":[106],"scarcity":[110],"of":[111,134,166,199],"training":[114,143,188,198],"testing":[116],"ML":[117,142,187,200],"models":[118,201],"their":[121],"novelty.":[122],"This":[123],"study":[124],"tackles":[125],"this":[126],"challenge":[127],"by":[128],"employing":[129],"predictive":[131],"queuing":[132,177,194],"analysis":[133,178,195],"SD-SATCOM":[136,181],"design":[138],"rapidly":[140],"generate":[141],"attack":[147],"detection.":[148],"addition,":[150],"redesign":[152],"singular":[154,164],"architecture":[156,161,183],"decentralized":[159],"eliminate":[163],"points":[165],"failure.":[167],"To":[168],"knowledge,":[170],"no":[171],"prior":[172],"research":[173],"investigated":[175],"using":[176],"predict":[180,229],"performance":[185,231],"prevent":[190],"attacks.":[192],"Our":[193,233],"accelerates":[196],"enhances":[203],"adaptability,":[205],"enabling":[206],"operators":[208],"defend":[210],"without":[214],"precollected":[215],"data.":[216],"We":[217],"utilized":[218],"CatBoost":[220],"algorithm":[221],"train":[223],"multi-output":[225],"regression":[226],"model":[227],"statistics.":[232],"method":[234],"successfully":[235],"identified":[236],"classified":[238],"normal,":[239],"non-attack":[240],"samples":[241],"cyberattacks":[244],"over":[246],"94%":[247],"accuracy,":[248],"precision,":[249],"recall,":[250],"f1-scores.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}