{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402569059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689","title":"Inferring Direction and Orientation From Polarized Signals: Feasibility and Bounds","display_name":"Inferring Direction and Orientation From Polarized Signals: Feasibility and Bounds","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402569059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062541012","display_name":"Emad Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-3240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-3240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725055","display_name":"Hui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-9966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-9966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341724","display_name":"Zi Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1846-2572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079975677","display_name":"Reza Ghazalian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-4961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Ghazalian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Mobile Networks, Espoo, Finland","Nokia Mobile Networks, NOKIA GROUP, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-4961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Mobile Networks, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Mobile Networks, NOKIA GROUP, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029758206","display_name":"Hyowon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-1471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyowon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-1471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078888826","display_name":"Rickard Nilsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-4826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rickard Nilsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-4826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033860704","display_name":"Henk Wymeersch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-6159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henk Wymeersch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-6159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041233427","display_name":"Jaap van de Beek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaap van de Beek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-436X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1829,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1972},"fwci":0.5631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63270956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"6033","last_page":"6047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.8971999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.8971999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.8543999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.8543999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.7652729749679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38811784982681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3557528257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.33013999462127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30658137798309326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.7652729749679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38811784982681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3557528257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.33013999462127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30658137798309326}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:543050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/543050","pdf_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/publication/543050/file/543050_Fulltext.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-110050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-110050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:367c5315af2e4ce398bf55a7f8e30175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/367c5315af2e4ce398bf55a7f8e30175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 6033-6047 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:15767981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3462689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 5, 6033-6047, (2024-09-17)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3462689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88434223","https://openalex.org/W1497414192","https://openalex.org/W1672367815","https://openalex.org/W1990603581","https://openalex.org/W1991238279","https://openalex.org/W2006427429","https://openalex.org/W2010862877","https://openalex.org/W2046326231","https://openalex.org/W2051495124","https://openalex.org/W2083147850","https://openalex.org/W2099178466","https://openalex.org/W2099388058","https://openalex.org/W2107712380","https://openalex.org/W2108695268","https://openalex.org/W2109976667","https://openalex.org/W2111216916","https://openalex.org/W2115909184","https://openalex.org/W2117020975","https://openalex.org/W2117206394","https://openalex.org/W2119597134","https://openalex.org/W2126876116","https://openalex.org/W2129495657","https://openalex.org/W2140804262","https://openalex.org/W2143746649","https://openalex.org/W2150482079","https://openalex.org/W2156668452","https://openalex.org/W2163138196","https://openalex.org/W2163860935","https://openalex.org/W2406008897","https://openalex.org/W2466216970","https://openalex.org/W2508907196","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2750632489","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2776656643","https://openalex.org/W2811040154","https://openalex.org/W2865103122","https://openalex.org/W2962963771","https://openalex.org/W3101337068","https://openalex.org/W4210660466","https://openalex.org/W4252854873","https://openalex.org/W4380520376","https://openalex.org/W4389610184","https://openalex.org/W6631161927","https://openalex.org/W6684641359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2600246793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polarization":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,33,40],"fundamental":[3,56],"property":[4],"of":[5,23,61,76,86,101,148,152,155,158,185],"electromagnetic":[6],"radio":[7],"signals":[8],"but":[9],"often":[10],"neglected":[11],"in":[12,150],"localization":[13,29,95,116,142],"studies.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"we":[18,82,108,144,174],"study":[19],"the":[20,25,59,65,68,73,77,80,84,91,99,102,140,153,156,166,176,183,186],"potential":[21],"benefits":[22],"integrating":[24],"polarization":[26,92],"dimension":[27,93],"into":[28,58],"applications.":[30],"We":[31],"develop":[32],"three-dimensional":[34],"(3D)":[35],"geometric":[36],"channel":[37],"model":[38],"between":[39],"base":[41],"station":[42],"(BS)":[43],"and":[44,126,131,180],"user":[45],"equipment":[46],"(UE),":[47],"both":[48],"equipped":[49],"with":[50],"dual-polarized":[51],"(DP)":[52],"antennas,":[53],"which":[54],"offers":[55],"insights":[57],"angles":[60,157],"departure":[62],"(AoD)":[63],"from":[64],"BS":[66],"to":[67,112,160],"UE":[69],"as":[70,72],"well":[71],"3D":[74,119],"orientation":[75,120,133],"UE.":[78],"From":[79],"model,":[81],"identify":[83,145],"degrees":[85],"freedom":[87],"(DoF)":[88],"provided":[89],"by":[90,97],"for":[94,135,139],"solutions":[96],"evaluating":[98],"rank":[100],"equivalent":[103],"Fisher":[104],"information":[105],"matrix.":[106],"Subsequently,":[107],"leverage":[109],"these":[110],"DoF":[111],"introduce":[113],"three":[114,141],"distinct":[115],"applications:":[117],"(i)":[118],"estimation,":[121,125],"(ii)":[122],"2D":[123,129],"AoD":[124],"(iii)":[127],"mixed":[128],"position":[130],"1D":[132],"estimation":[134,167],"vehicular":[136],"scenarios.":[137],"Furthermore,":[138],"applications":[143],"their":[146],"regions":[147],"operation":[149],"terms":[151],"ranges":[154],"interest,":[159],"avoid":[161],"any":[162],"ambiguity":[163],"occurrence":[164],"through":[165],"process,":[168],"thereby":[169],"guaranteeing":[170],"unique":[171],"solutions.":[172],"Finally,":[173],"derive":[175],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[177],"lower":[178],"bounds":[179],"numerically":[181],"establish":[182],"efficiency":[184],"proposed":[187],"estimators.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}