{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402300172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769","title":"Harnessing Tullock Contests and Signaling Games: A Novel Weight Assignment Strategy for Ethereum 2.0","display_name":"Harnessing Tullock Contests and Signaling Games: A Novel Weight Assignment Strategy for Ethereum 2.0","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402300172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004869049","display_name":"Daniel Mawunyo Doe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7350-3990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I250520410","display_name":"Prairie View A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/0449kf092","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Mawunyo Doe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Prairie View A&#x0026;M University, Prairie View, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7350-3990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Prairie View A&#x0026;M University, Prairie View, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336857","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-9573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-9573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101232426","display_name":"Yuqing Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7717-0333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100691319","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-2922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086818582","display_name":"Zhen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-1418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-1418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363146","display_name":"Xiao\u2013Ping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Ping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Ubiquitous Data Enabling Key Lab, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Ubiquitous Data Enabling Key Lab, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15210723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"5782","last_page":"5798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42086294293403625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42086294293403625}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/181895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3455769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d377ef570564d898eaea8ddf4270d19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d377ef570564d898eaea8ddf4270d19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 5782-5798 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3455769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322622","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02zqm6r10"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585160083","https://openalex.org/W2050904362","https://openalex.org/W2109183455","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2766209351","https://openalex.org/W2782297221","https://openalex.org/W2803228189","https://openalex.org/W2808856341","https://openalex.org/W2886294947","https://openalex.org/W3015450389","https://openalex.org/W3122355500","https://openalex.org/W3122794217","https://openalex.org/W3123458468","https://openalex.org/W3124515236","https://openalex.org/W3217650101","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4213255671","https://openalex.org/W4319028527","https://openalex.org/W6686086662","https://openalex.org/W6745143538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"address":[4],"key":[5],"challenges":[6],"in":[7,88,95,103],"Proof-of-Stake":[8],"(PoS)":[9],"blockchains,":[10],"with":[11],"a":[12,85,92],"particular":[13],"focus":[14],"on":[15,35],"Ethereum":[16],"2.0.":[17],"We":[18],"introduce":[19],"an":[20],"innovative":[21],"mechanism":[22],"that":[23],"combines":[24],"Tullock":[25,42],"contests":[26,43],"and":[27,67,73,91,110,116],"signaling":[28,52],"games":[29,53],"to":[30,46,119],"optimize":[31],"weight":[32],"assignments":[33],"based":[34],"security":[36],"deposits":[37],"from":[38,124],"heterogeneous":[39],"nodes.":[40,126],"While":[41],"motivate":[44],"participants":[45],"allocate":[47],"resources":[48],"for":[49],"potential":[50],"rewards,":[51],"enable":[54],"efficient":[55],"information":[56,76],"transfer,":[57],"thereby":[58],"enriching":[59],"decision-making.":[60],"This":[61],"approach":[62],"enhances":[63],"network":[64],"security,":[65],"efficiency,":[66],"resilience":[68],"by":[69],"incentivizing":[70],"resource":[71],"investment":[72],"facilitating":[74],"effective":[75],"exchange.":[77],"Our":[78],"framework":[79],"significantly":[80],"outperforms":[81],"existing":[82],"methods,":[83],"achieving":[84],"45.43%":[86],"increase":[87],"blockchain":[89],"utility":[90],"47.92%":[93],"rise":[94],"node":[96],"utility.":[97],"Additionally,":[98],"it":[99],"yields":[100],"marked":[101],"improvements":[102],"user":[104],"participation":[105],"rates":[106],"(26.89":[107],"\u2212":[108,114],"32.21%)":[109],"service":[111],"coverage":[112],"(24":[113],"29.54%),":[115],"also":[117],"proves":[118],"be":[120],"resilient":[121],"against":[122],"attacks":[123],"selfish":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
