{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399938871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495","title":"A 5G NTN Emulation Platform for VNF Orchestration: Design, Development, and Evaluation","display_name":"A 5G NTN Emulation Platform for VNF Orchestration: Design, Development, and Evaluation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399938871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022739207","display_name":"Francisco Muro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-2303"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Muro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Research Institute, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenier&#x00ED;a de Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, University of M&#x00E1;laga, M&#x00E1;laga, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Research Institute, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenier&#x00ED;a de Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, University of M&#x00E1;laga, M&#x00E1;laga, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073300674","display_name":"Eduardo Baena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-3534"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Baena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Research Institute, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenier&#x00ED;a de Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, University of M&#x00E1;laga, M&#x00E1;laga, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Research Institute, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenier&#x00ED;a de Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, University of M&#x00E1;laga, M&#x00E1;laga, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020057627","display_name":"Tomaso de Cola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0509-8521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomaso de Cola","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, We&#x00DF;ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084506115","display_name":"Sergio Fortes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-6403"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Fortes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Research Institute, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenier&#x00ED;a de Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, University of M&#x00E1;laga, M&#x00E1;laga, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Research Institute, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenier&#x00ED;a de Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, University of M&#x00E1;laga, M&#x00E1;laga, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039871509","display_name":"Raquel Barco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-5229"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raquel Barco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Research Institute, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenier&#x00ED;a de Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, University of M&#x00E1;laga, M&#x00E1;laga, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Research Institute, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenier&#x00ED;a de Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, University of M&#x00E1;laga, M&#x00E1;laga, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022739207"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":2.4949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8959121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"5364","last_page":"5376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.9175176620483398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.8823173642158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5833178758621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3668331503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3542264699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35269588232040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07946121692657471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.9175176620483398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.8823173642158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5833178758621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3668331503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3542264699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35269588232040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07946121692657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7964487f445b4e53be81e62dc72aab4a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7964487f445b4e53be81e62dc72aab4a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 5364-5376 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:205179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/205179/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3418495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990920914","https://openalex.org/W2520439215","https://openalex.org/W2570094311","https://openalex.org/W2763542410","https://openalex.org/W2788333098","https://openalex.org/W3018908160","https://openalex.org/W3035017848","https://openalex.org/W3093155963","https://openalex.org/W3164590080","https://openalex.org/W3166361160","https://openalex.org/W3184535468","https://openalex.org/W3216911567","https://openalex.org/W4281631439","https://openalex.org/W4289713052","https://openalex.org/W4294691316","https://openalex.org/W4307020413","https://openalex.org/W4308085854","https://openalex.org/W4312357424","https://openalex.org/W4312531094","https://openalex.org/W4312745481","https://openalex.org/W4312771980","https://openalex.org/W4315777409","https://openalex.org/W4323646012","https://openalex.org/W4360584382","https://openalex.org/W6748232486","https://openalex.org/W6773574818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W79913212","https://openalex.org/W2094884983","https://openalex.org/W2378898096","https://openalex.org/W2154523322","https://openalex.org/W2083200807","https://openalex.org/W560952460","https://openalex.org/W2290927522","https://openalex.org/W1603137082","https://openalex.org/W2364195017","https://openalex.org/W2133965417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98,136,166,185,217],"integration":[1],"of":[2,37,100,104,138,146,168,238],"Non-Terrestrial":[3],"Networks":[4],"(NTN)":[5],"with":[6,200],"5G":[7,38],"represents":[8,108],"a":[9,109,113,118,147,159,201],"monumental":[10],"leap":[11],"in":[12,72,87,161,188,212,226],"wireless":[13],"network":[14,134,175,233],"capabilities,":[15],"significantly":[16],"enhancing":[17],"capacity,":[18],"range,":[19],"and":[20,27,57,61,65,90,144,191,243],"reliability.":[21],"This":[22],"fusion":[23],"fosters":[24],"technological":[25],"innovation":[26,219],"global":[28],"connectivity.":[29],"Crucial":[30],"to":[31,130,246,249],"this":[32,79,115,139],"development":[33],"is":[34,172],"the":[35,46,88,124,142,169,178,181,221,236],"softwarization":[36],"networks":[39,54,163,245],"through":[40],"Virtual":[41],"Network":[42],"Functions":[43],"(VNFs)":[44],"within":[45,230],"OpenRAN":[47],"paradigm,":[48],"which":[49],"disaggregates":[50],"traditional":[51],"radio":[52,182],"access":[53],"into":[55,78],"Central":[56],"Distributed":[58],"Units":[59],"(CU":[60],"DU),":[62],"accelerating":[63],"deployment":[64,190,241],"facilitating":[66,244],"upgrades.":[67],"However,":[68],"incorporating":[69],"edge":[70],"computing":[71],"Low":[73],"Earth":[74],"Orbit":[75],"(LEO)":[76],"satellites":[77],"virtualized":[80],"infrastructure":[81],"presents":[82],"arising":[83],"management":[84,156,229],"complexities,":[85],"particularly":[86],"interaction":[89],"resource":[91,192,228],"sharing":[92],"among":[93],"VNFs,":[94],"including":[95],"satellite":[96],"components.":[97],"absence":[99],"advanced":[101,250],"emulators":[102],"capable":[103],"simulating":[105],"these":[106],"environments":[107],"significant":[110],"hurdle.":[111],"As":[112],"response,":[114],"study":[116],"introduces":[117],"groundbreaking":[119],"emulation":[120,167],"framework":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123,151],"Open":[125],"Air":[126],"Interface":[127],"platform,":[128,149],"tailored":[129],"reflect":[131],"OpenRAN\u2019s":[132],"disaggregated":[133],"architecture.":[135],"contribution":[137,211],"work":[140],"encompasses":[141],"design":[143],"implementation":[145],"5G-NTN":[148,214],"laying":[150],"Kubernetes":[152],"for":[153,223],"VNF":[154,189,240],"lifecycle":[155],"automation,":[157],"enabling":[158,235],"boost":[160],"multi-domain":[162,232],"operational":[164],"efficiency.":[165],"NTN":[170],"environment":[171],"performed":[173],"at":[174],"level,":[176],"abstracting":[177],"setup":[179],"from":[180],"link":[183],"implementation.":[184],"platform\u2019s":[186],"capabilities":[187],"optimization":[193],"are":[194],"validated":[195],"by":[196],"extensive":[197],"performance":[198],"metrics,":[199],"full":[202],"slice":[203],"instantiation":[204],"taking":[205],"approximately":[206],"76.30":[207],"seconds,":[208],"highlighting":[209],"its":[210],"emulating":[213],"orchestrated":[215],"systems.":[216],"presented":[218],"lays":[220],"groundwork":[222],"future":[224],"research":[225],"efficient":[227],"complex":[231],"environments,":[234],"exploration":[237],"diverse":[239],"scenarios":[242],"adapt":[247],"dynamically":[248],"mobile":[251],"communication":[252],"demands.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
