{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391944453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457","title":"Aqua-Sense: Relay-Based Underwater Optical Wireless Communication for IoUT Monitoring","display_name":"Aqua-Sense: Relay-Based Underwater Optical Wireless Communication for IoUT Monitoring","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391944453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032591719","display_name":"Maaz Salman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8746-3440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maaz Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005181712","display_name":"Javad Bolboli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javad Bolboli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037106082","display_name":"Ramavath Prasad Naik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-2295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramavath Prasad Naik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079773768","display_name":"Wan\u2010Young Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-855X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan-Young Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032591719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":8.0026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98209254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"1358","last_page":"1375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.737159013748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6452690362930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense","display_name":"Sense (electronics)","score":0.5439316034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47322264313697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.44548219442367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3707265257835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3513638973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20292603969573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.19275489449501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18236404657363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1705411672592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12264084815979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.05384713411331177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.737159013748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6452690362930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143141573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450971","display_name":"Sense (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5439316034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47322264313697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.44548219442367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3707265257835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3513638973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20292603969573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.19275489449501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18236404657363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1705411672592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12264084815979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.05384713411331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09cc48d5e83740d899fc86e927729a1e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09cc48d5e83740d899fc86e927729a1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 1358-1375 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3367457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7049788184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1089139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490163883","https://openalex.org/W1967524325","https://openalex.org/W1968720967","https://openalex.org/W2037890325","https://openalex.org/W2059126643","https://openalex.org/W2066038129","https://openalex.org/W2072482394","https://openalex.org/W2077132930","https://openalex.org/W2082849356","https://openalex.org/W2102368722","https://openalex.org/W2117887296","https://openalex.org/W2118998054","https://openalex.org/W2136732563","https://openalex.org/W2143742289","https://openalex.org/W2168997967","https://openalex.org/W2169582358","https://openalex.org/W2170820751","https://openalex.org/W2336491352","https://openalex.org/W2548880755","https://openalex.org/W2589552882","https://openalex.org/W2589954375","https://openalex.org/W2607000399","https://openalex.org/W2722392453","https://openalex.org/W2735742072","https://openalex.org/W2756309595","https://openalex.org/W2767990217","https://openalex.org/W2789554261","https://openalex.org/W2795706875","https://openalex.org/W2888845466","https://openalex.org/W2889980222","https://openalex.org/W2903714990","https://openalex.org/W2946083619","https://openalex.org/W2963523009","https://openalex.org/W2968674045","https://openalex.org/W2979576313","https://openalex.org/W2981689312","https://openalex.org/W2983244131","https://openalex.org/W3000169341","https://openalex.org/W3007678801","https://openalex.org/W3017949487","https://openalex.org/W3026702198","https://openalex.org/W3034395263","https://openalex.org/W3035001700","https://openalex.org/W3105557599","https://openalex.org/W3120724295","https://openalex.org/W3144852839","https://openalex.org/W3172412848","https://openalex.org/W3175406591","https://openalex.org/W3212372319","https://openalex.org/W4225831751","https://openalex.org/W4280644433","https://openalex.org/W4285187165","https://openalex.org/W4285249428","https://openalex.org/W4286253602","https://openalex.org/W4319320814","https://openalex.org/W4361799252","https://openalex.org/W4364296959","https://openalex.org/W4378195037","https://openalex.org/W4387682035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539674285","https://openalex.org/W1038122923","https://openalex.org/W1998322187","https://openalex.org/W2952514781","https://openalex.org/W3019210376","https://openalex.org/W2391145594","https://openalex.org/W2326572623","https://openalex.org/W1559320887","https://openalex.org/W2284606164","https://openalex.org/W2137838797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0,49],"wireless":[1],"optical":[2,79,86,111],"communication":[3,69,127,154,222],"(UWOC)":[4],"performance":[5,71],"is":[6,118],"negatively":[7],"impacted":[8],"by":[9,120],"challenges":[10,20],"such":[11,91],"as":[12,92,115],"water":[13,133,184,198],"turbulence,":[14],"restricted":[15],"range,":[16],"and":[17,33,58,72,101,207],"misalignment.":[18],"These":[19,191],"can":[21,39],"impact":[22],"the":[23,56,74,78,85,110,116,142,170],"feasibility":[24],"of":[25,48,60,77,139,150,157,166,179,188,204,214],"large-scale":[26],"deployment.":[27],"In":[28,130],"comparison":[29],"to":[30,105,114,124,159],"conventional":[31],"acoustic":[32],"radio":[34],"frequency":[35],"(RF)":[36],"communication,":[37],"UWOC":[38,64],"play":[40],"a":[41,62,121,136,146,153,164,175,186,201,220],"pivotal":[42],"role":[43],"in":[44,182],"connecting":[45],"various":[46],"Internet":[47],"Things":[50],"(IoUT)":[51],"devices.":[52],"This":[53],"research":[54],"presents":[55],"design":[57],"evaluation":[59],"\u201caqua-sense,\u201d":[61],"relay-based":[63],"system":[65,144],"aimed":[66],"at":[67,152,163],"enhancing":[68],"link":[70,128,155,223],"expanding":[73],"reception":[75],"area":[76],"receiver.":[80],"To":[81],"harness":[82],"diversity":[83],"gain,":[84],"relay":[87],"incorporates":[88],"combining":[89],"techniques":[90],"Equal":[93],"Gain":[94],"Combining":[95,99,103],"(EGC),":[96],"Majority":[97],"Logic":[98],"(MLC),":[100],"Selection":[102],"(SC)":[104],"enhance":[106],"its":[107],"performance.":[108,129],"Additionally,":[109,169],"relay,":[112],"referred":[113],"\u201copto-relay,\u201d":[117],"empowered":[119],"channel-aware":[122],"algorithm":[123],"further":[125],"improve":[126],"moderately":[131],"turbid":[132],"conditions":[134],"with":[135,185,200,210],"turbidity":[137,187],"level":[138],"25":[140],"NTU,":[141],"aqua-sense":[143],"achieved":[145,174],"packet":[147],"success":[148],"rate":[149,165,178,203,213],"68%":[151],"distance":[156],"up":[158],"7.5":[160],"meters,":[161],"transmitting":[162],"0.2":[167],"Mbps.":[168],"sensor":[171],"node,":[172],"\u201copto-sense,\u201d":[173],"consistent":[176],"transmission":[177],"0.5":[180],"Mbps":[181],"clear":[183],"0.01":[189],"NTU.":[190],"results":[192],"remained":[193],"stable":[194],"even":[195],"when":[196],"moderate":[197],"waves":[199],"displacement":[202],"5":[205,215],"liters/min":[206,216],"air":[208],"bubbles":[209],"an":[211],"airflow":[212],"were":[217],"present":[218],"within":[219],"2-meter":[221],"range.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}