{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391593972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3363423","title":"Indoor Measurements for RIS-Aided Communication: Practical Phase Shift Optimization, Coverage Enhancement, and Physical Layer Security","display_name":"Indoor Measurements for RIS-Aided Communication: Practical Phase Shift Optimization, Coverage Enhancement, and Physical Layer Security","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391593972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3363423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3363423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3363423","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10423876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10423876.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051689757","display_name":"Sefa Kayrakl\u0131k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0492-5649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121626","display_name":"Signal Processing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021gzyw51","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sefa Kayraklik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, CoreLab, Ko&#x00E7; University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Communications and Signal Processing Research (HISAR) Lab, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0492-5649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, CoreLab, Ko&#x00E7; University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Signal Processing Research (HISAR) Lab, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511","https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067601548","display_name":"Ibrahim Yildirim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-8464"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Yildirim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, CoreLab, Ko&#x00E7; University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-8464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, CoreLab, Ko&#x00E7; University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026068372","display_name":"\u0130brahim H\u00f6kelek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-178X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121626","display_name":"Signal Processing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021gzyw51","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Hokelek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Signal Processing Research Lab., TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Communications and Signal Processing Research (HISAR) Lab, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Signal Processing Research Lab., TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Signal Processing Research (HISAR) Lab, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511","https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076342545","display_name":"Yark\u0131n Gevez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1673-7993"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yarkin Gevez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, CoreLab, Ko&#x00E7; University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, CoreLab, Ko&#x00E7; University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051978835","display_name":"Ertu\u011frul Ba\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Basar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, CoreLab, Ko&#x00E7; University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, CoreLab, Ko&#x00E7; University, Istanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070377724","display_name":"Ali G\u00f6r\u00e7in","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-0488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121626","display_name":"Signal Processing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021gzyw51","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Gorcin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Signal Processing Research Lab., TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Sariyer, Turkiye","Communications and Signal Processing Research (HISAR) Lab, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-0488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Signal Processing Research Lab., TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Sariyer, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Signal Processing Research (HISAR) Lab, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511","https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":3.4402,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93406495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"1243","last_page":"1255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6681092977523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5649856328964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5545173287391663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-security","display_name":"Physical security","score":0.5473237037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43921947479248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3393675684928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24900275468826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14072221517562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.11248737573623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10902741551399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.0709185004234314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6681092977523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5649856328964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5545173287391663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851598","display_name":"Physical security","level":2,"score":0.5473237037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43921947479248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3393675684928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24900275468826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14072221517562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.11248737573623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10902741551399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0709185004234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3363423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3363423","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10423876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfc1d8fa006e424a83ad6cbc2d6d3605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfc1d8fa006e424a83ad6cbc2d6d3605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 1243-1255 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/60518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/60518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3363423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3363423","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10423876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7825779496","display_name":"Uyarlanabilir Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Y\u00fczeyler Ile Gelecek Nesil Haberle\u015fme","funder_award_id":"120E401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8954011989","display_name":"Embedded storage elements on next MCU generation ready for AI on the edge","funder_award_id":"101007321","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391593972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391593972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3007669596","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3096188699","https://openalex.org/W3116119915","https://openalex.org/W3127717643","https://openalex.org/W3130381884","https://openalex.org/W3157341840","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3164420480","https://openalex.org/W3193247573","https://openalex.org/W3200128456","https://openalex.org/W3203630573","https://openalex.org/W3205692030","https://openalex.org/W4206817532","https://openalex.org/W4214587758","https://openalex.org/W4226093226","https://openalex.org/W4285741182","https://openalex.org/W4307330858","https://openalex.org/W4315630443","https://openalex.org/W4317497257","https://openalex.org/W4321770460","https://openalex.org/W4382371835","https://openalex.org/W4383753411","https://openalex.org/W4385801373","https://openalex.org/W4385801619","https://openalex.org/W4385805063","https://openalex.org/W4386875703","https://openalex.org/W4387883745","https://openalex.org/W4389543465","https://openalex.org/W4393241069","https://openalex.org/W6855534582","https://openalex.org/W6857347112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1870509456","https://openalex.org/W4384615748","https://openalex.org/W4287854872","https://openalex.org/W4287393975","https://openalex.org/W2040982229","https://openalex.org/W2793975237","https://openalex.org/W2938818065","https://openalex.org/W4315629554","https://openalex.org/W3148748238","https://openalex.org/W2756304655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Practical":[0],"experiments":[1,126],"are":[2,55],"a":[3,58,108,115,130,185],"crucial":[4],"step":[5],"to":[6,33,106,133],"demonstrate":[7,34,152],"the":[8,20,35,80,92,103,119,137,145,154,160,164,171,175,181,190],"viability":[9],"of":[10,19,87,125],"reconfigurable":[11],"intelligent":[12],"surface":[13],"(RIS)-empowered":[14],"communication,":[15],"which":[16],"is":[17,94,127,139],"one":[18],"emerging":[21],"technologies":[22],"for":[23,38,129,189],"next-generation":[24],"networks.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"present":[30],"practical":[31],"measurements":[32,54],"RIS":[36,88,110,138],"capabilities":[37],"enhancing":[39],"signal":[40,82,121,192],"coverage":[41],"and":[42,64,147],"providing":[43],"physical":[44],"layer":[45],"security":[46],"(PLS)":[47],"in":[48,57,79,118],"an":[49],"indoor":[50],"environment.":[51],"First,":[52],"extensive":[53],"performed":[56],"single-user":[59],"deployment":[60,132],"using":[61],"iterative,":[62],"grouping,":[63],"codebook-based":[65],"phase":[66,89,176],"shift":[67,177],"optimization":[68,178],"methods.":[69],"The":[70,99,150],"iterative":[71,182],"method":[72,101,156,183],"achieves":[73],"approximately":[74],"10":[75],"dB":[76],"performance":[77],"improvement":[78],"received":[81,120,191],"power":[83],"through":[84],"careful":[85],"adjustments":[86],"configurations":[90],"when":[91],"receiver":[93],"placed":[95],"at":[96],"different":[97],"locations.":[98],"grouping":[100],"reduces":[102],"training":[104],"time":[105],"find":[107],"suitable":[109],"configuration":[111],"by":[112],"sacrificing":[113],"only":[114],"few":[116],"dBs":[117],"power.":[122],"Another":[123],"set":[124],"conducted":[128],"multi-user":[131],"exhibit":[134],"PLS,":[135],"where":[136],"partitioned":[140],"into":[141],"two":[142],"regions":[143],"serving":[144],"intended":[146],"unintended":[148],"users.":[149],"results":[151],"that":[153],"codebook":[155],"can":[157],"effectively":[158],"boost":[159],"secrecy":[161],"capacity":[162],"on":[163],"move":[165],"without":[166],"utilizing":[167],"feedback":[168,187],"other":[169],"than":[170],"users\u2019":[172],"positions":[173],"during":[174],"process,":[179],"while":[180],"requires":[184],"continuous":[186],"channel":[188],"powers.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
