{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391341285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3360288","title":"Max-Min Throughput Optimization in WPCNs: A Hybrid Active/Passive IRS-Assisted Scheme","display_name":"Max-Min Throughput Optimization in WPCNs: A Hybrid Active/Passive IRS-Assisted Scheme","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391341285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3360288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3360288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3360288","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10416912.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10416912.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084372062","display_name":"Iqra Hameed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-9195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iqra Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082206251","display_name":"Insoo Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insoo Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084372062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":2.46,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88907882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"1123","last_page":"1140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7515361309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5861085653305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.511323869228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5077296495437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.48714062571525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3741285800933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2747192978858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2526668608188629}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7515361309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5861085653305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.511323869228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5077296495437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.48714062571525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3741285800933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2747192978858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2526668608188629}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3360288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3360288","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10416912.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d539a6501d34cef9c7025de2ce35ac3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d539a6501d34cef9c7025de2ce35ac3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 1123-1140 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3360288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3360288","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10416912.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1225283220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1726567557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2192672005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2982597634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2B5B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3071639259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G386497306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2B5B01001721","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5347132709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5717323603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685055460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8248926532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, India"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8434905120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2B5B01001721","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8910741575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A2B5B01001721","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982292920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391341285.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391341285.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991264581","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2094000142","https://openalex.org/W2106194367","https://openalex.org/W2118588134","https://openalex.org/W2542194228","https://openalex.org/W2896592586","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3007170290","https://openalex.org/W3015594231","https://openalex.org/W3037274483","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3081766336","https://openalex.org/W3096723356","https://openalex.org/W3099989708","https://openalex.org/W3103135626","https://openalex.org/W3103448395","https://openalex.org/W3105509069","https://openalex.org/W3113137637","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3132406383","https://openalex.org/W3133613115","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3152626604","https://openalex.org/W3163858617","https://openalex.org/W3187121534","https://openalex.org/W3197488186","https://openalex.org/W3203675995","https://openalex.org/W3211398293","https://openalex.org/W3214587761","https://openalex.org/W4205940831","https://openalex.org/W4206296593","https://openalex.org/W4213157525","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4226065768","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285163852","https://openalex.org/W4287887619","https://openalex.org/W4296425705","https://openalex.org/W4296704797","https://openalex.org/W4309757178","https://openalex.org/W4309995045","https://openalex.org/W4312516992","https://openalex.org/W4312906940","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4319663610","https://openalex.org/W4378902218","https://openalex.org/W4381198807","https://openalex.org/W4382998721","https://openalex.org/W4385377032","https://openalex.org/W4391407187","https://openalex.org/W6848739965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W2016000499","https://openalex.org/W4293094831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integration":[1],"of":[2,27,36,100,153,167,179,275],"wireless":[3,114,133,141,246,257,310],"powered":[4],"communication":[5],"network":[6,93,119,304],"(WPCNs)":[7],"with":[8,185],"intelligent":[9],"reflecting":[10,40],"surface":[11],"(IRS)":[12],"technology":[13],"has":[14],"emerged":[15],"as":[16],"a":[17,65,82,97,150,192,293],"promising":[18,294],"solution":[19,297],"for":[20,220,298],"enhancing":[21],"the":[22,28,34,74,113,138,146,164,177,180,186,198,213,235,265,273],"energy":[23,134],"and":[24,38,70,85,102,107,127,140,155,170,222,240,248,259,269,285,295,306,312],"spectral":[25],"efficiency":[26],"network.":[29],"Recent":[30],"studies":[31],"have":[32],"explored":[33],"benefits":[35],"active":[37,58,69,84,101,126,154,221,230,252,283],"passive":[39,71,86,103,128,156,223,241,260,288],"element":[41],"surfaces":[42],"in":[43,173,309],"various":[44],"networks.":[45],"However,":[46,148],"most":[47],"existing":[48],"works":[49],"on":[50,55,73,137,145],"IRS-assisted":[51,87],"WPCNs":[52],"mainly":[53],"focus":[54],"comparing":[56],"an":[57],"IRS":[59,67,129,157,224,231,242,253,261,284],"to":[60,64,131,163],"single/multiple":[61],"IRSs":[62],"or":[63],"hybrid":[66,187,236,278],"comprising":[68],"elements":[72,130,158],"same":[75],"surface.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78,121],"paper,":[79],"we":[80,190],"explore":[81],"hybrid,":[83],"WPCN":[88,300],"which":[89],"can":[90,111],"significantly":[91],"improve":[92],"capacity.":[94,116],"By":[95],"introducing":[96],"distributed":[98],"pair":[99],"IRSs,":[104],"signal":[105],"amplification":[106],"multiple":[108],"reflection":[109],"links":[110],"boost":[112],"link":[115],"To":[117,175],"enhance":[118],"performance,":[120],"new":[122],"framework":[123,280],"utilizes":[124],"both":[125],"optimize":[132],"transfer":[135,143],"(WET)":[136],"downlink":[139,168],"information":[142],"(WIT)":[144],"uplink.":[147],"designing":[149],"joint":[151,165],"deployment":[152,218],"becomes":[159],"more":[160],"challenging":[161],"due":[162],"operations":[166],"WET":[169],"uplink":[171],"WIT":[172],"WPCNs.":[174],"address":[176],"complexity":[178],"non-convex":[181],"optimization":[182],"problem":[183,200],"associated":[184],"IRS-aided":[188],"architecture,":[189],"use":[191],"systematic":[193],"divide-and-conquer":[194],"methodology.":[195],"This":[196],"decomposes":[197],"main":[199],"into":[201],"three":[202],"interconnected":[203],"sub-problems":[204],"that":[205],"are":[206],"solved":[207],"sequentially":[208],"using":[209],"sophisticated":[210],"techniques.":[211],"Furthermore,":[212],"study":[214],"examines":[215],"two":[216],"practical":[217,299],"scenarios":[219],"elements,":[225],"namely":[226],"\u2019Hybrid":[227,249],"Case-1\u2019":[228],"(where":[229,251],"is":[232,243,254,262],"placed":[233,244,255,263],"near":[234,245,256,264],"access":[237],"point":[238],"(H-AP)":[239],"devices)":[247],"Case-2\u2019":[250],"devices":[258],"H-AP).":[266],"Extensive":[267],"simulations":[268],"numerical":[270],"analysis":[271],"demonstrate":[272],"superiority":[274],"our":[276],"proposed":[277],"IRS-based":[279],"over":[281],"single":[282],"conventional":[286],"double":[287],"IRSs-assisted":[289],"network,":[290],"making":[291],"it":[292],"compelling":[296],"deployments,":[301],"ensuring":[302],"enhanced":[303],"performance":[305],"throughput":[307],"fairness":[308],"power":[311],"communications":[313],"technologies.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}