{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390659158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3351088","title":"A Collaborative Software Defined Network-Based Smart Grid Intrusion Detection System","display_name":"A Collaborative Software Defined Network-Based Smart Grid Intrusion Detection System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390659158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3351088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3351088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3351088","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10382695.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10382695.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093111414","display_name":"Sotiris Chatzimiltis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4980-2608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sotiris Chatzimiltis","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022893278","display_name":"Mohammad Shojafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shojafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028862760","display_name":"Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9948-9165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032549075","display_name":"Rahim Tafazolli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahim Tafazolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G/6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093111414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":8.0348,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98011487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"700","last_page":"711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7855914235115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7434315085411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"Collaborative learning","score":0.5287900567054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.4913400709629059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4741641581058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insider","display_name":"Insider","score":0.41783905029296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40117567777633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3925990164279938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3419332802295685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3263418674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11944085359573364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7855914235115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7434315085411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.5287900567054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.4913400709629059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4741641581058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778971194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664551","display_name":"Insider","level":2,"score":0.41783905029296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40117567777633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3925990164279938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3419332802295685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3263418674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11944085359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3351088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3351088","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10382695.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d9f8c8376ca4ef7aaefa032158a967d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d9f8c8376ca4ef7aaefa032158a967d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 700-711 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3351088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3351088","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10382695.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390659158.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390659158.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591261915","https://openalex.org/W2011944582","https://openalex.org/W2014252769","https://openalex.org/W2014381275","https://openalex.org/W2040340473","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2119866123","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2154663898","https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2537702951","https://openalex.org/W2560162835","https://openalex.org/W2566686591","https://openalex.org/W2583415629","https://openalex.org/W2735293538","https://openalex.org/W2904756199","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2919936975","https://openalex.org/W2920408562","https://openalex.org/W2947465564","https://openalex.org/W2963136924","https://openalex.org/W2963209930","https://openalex.org/W3006077934","https://openalex.org/W3043723611","https://openalex.org/W3044405156","https://openalex.org/W3086579950","https://openalex.org/W3108027302","https://openalex.org/W3155912831","https://openalex.org/W3157680283","https://openalex.org/W3159080474","https://openalex.org/W3177795942","https://openalex.org/W3203789000","https://openalex.org/W3216115166","https://openalex.org/W4225769073","https://openalex.org/W4289147263","https://openalex.org/W4293902547","https://openalex.org/W4295832059","https://openalex.org/W4297687186","https://openalex.org/W4297791730","https://openalex.org/W4308823667","https://openalex.org/W4312058488","https://openalex.org/W4316660683","https://openalex.org/W4316660992","https://openalex.org/W4322628971","https://openalex.org/W4383750730","https://openalex.org/W6637473994","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6756436328","https://openalex.org/W6757118068","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6779308105","https://openalex.org/W6781318954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W653900512","https://openalex.org/W1559280668","https://openalex.org/W3123347851","https://openalex.org/W574801755","https://openalex.org/W2161718263","https://openalex.org/W1510863280","https://openalex.org/W4381282255","https://openalex.org/W4390276866","https://openalex.org/W2347642088","https://openalex.org/W2256542539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"technological":[1],"advancements":[2],"in":[3,106],"Software":[4],"Defined":[5],"Networks":[6],"(SDN)":[7],"can":[8,35,48,79,85,90],"provide":[9],"efficient":[10],"solutions":[11],"for":[12,160],"smart":[13,115],"grids":[14],"(SGs).":[15],"An":[16],"SDN-based":[17,98],"SG":[18,99],"promises":[19],"to":[20],"enhance":[21],"the":[22,28,61,69,102,107,125,164,169],"efficiency,":[23],"reliability":[24],"and":[25,88,136,157,179],"sustainability":[26],"of":[27,43,104,132,154,176],"communication":[29],"network.":[30],"However,":[31],"new":[32,97,114],"security":[33],"breaches":[34],"be":[36,49,80,86,91],"introduced":[37],"with":[38],"this":[39],"adaptation.":[40],"A":[41],"layer":[42],"defence":[44],"against":[45],"insider":[46],"attacks":[47,84],"established":[50],"using":[51],"machine":[52],"learning":[53,127,135,138,166,171],"based":[54],"intrusion":[55,119],"detection":[56,120],"system":[57,121],"(IDS)":[58],"located":[59],"on":[60],"SDN":[62,108],"application":[63,109],"layer.":[64,110],"Conventional":[65],"centralised":[66],"practises,":[67],"violate":[68],"user":[70],"data":[71],"privacy":[72],"aspect,":[73],"thus":[74],"distributed":[75],"or":[76],"collaborative":[77,118],"approaches":[78],"adapted":[81],"so":[82],"that":[83],"detected":[87],"actions":[89],"taken.":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"proposes":[95],"a":[96,113,130,133,149,161],"architecture,":[100],"highlighting":[101],"existence":[103],"IDSs":[105],"We":[111],"implemented":[112],"meter":[116],"(SM)":[117],"(SM-IDS),":[122],"by":[123],"adapting":[124,163],"split":[126,137,165,170],"methodology.":[128],"Finally,":[129],"comparison":[131],"federated":[134],"neighbourhood":[139],"area":[140],"network":[141],"(NAN)":[142],"IDS":[143],"was":[144],"made.":[145],"Numerical":[146],"results":[147],"showed,":[148],"five":[150],"class":[151],"classification":[152],"accuracy":[153,175],"over":[155,177],"80.3%":[156],"F1-score":[158,180],"78.9":[159],"SM-IDS":[162],"technique.":[167],"Also,":[168],"NAN-IDS":[172],"exhibit":[173],"an":[174],"81.1%":[178],"79.9.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-21T08:13:44.787528","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
