{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389459172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3340222","title":"Terrain-Based Coverage Manifold Estimation: Machine Learning, Stochastic Geometry, or Simulation?","display_name":"Terrain-Based Coverage Manifold Estimation: Machine Learning, Stochastic Geometry, or Simulation?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389459172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3340222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3340222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3340222","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10347443.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10347443.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010783508","display_name":"Ruibo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6967-6135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruibo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CEMSE division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6967-6135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CEMSE division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007780293","display_name":"Washim Uddin Mondal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-6034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Washim Uddin Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-6034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063278343","display_name":"Mustafa A. Kishk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa A. Kishk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-2783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064822688","display_name":"Vaneet Aggarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-4723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaneet Aggarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-4723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CEMSE division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CEMSE division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.3484,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59012912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"633","last_page":"648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7342460751533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.4874265491962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4818069338798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.47108709812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.45333370566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.44274380803108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.43616440892219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4309806823730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3732527494430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3579036593437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35154998302459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17334136366844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10717037320137024}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7342460751533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.4874265491962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4818069338798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.47108709812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.45333370566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44274380803108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.43616440892219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4309806823730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3732527494430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3579036593437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35154998302459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17334136366844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10717037320137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3340222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3340222","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10347443.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4745cc00b3e84bd6bdf191b177022b71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4745cc00b3e84bd6bdf191b177022b71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 633-648 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3340222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3340222","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10347443.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389459172.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389459172.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344766627","https://openalex.org/W1988456768","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2171409252","https://openalex.org/W2413566101","https://openalex.org/W2554683826","https://openalex.org/W2782799834","https://openalex.org/W2798076125","https://openalex.org/W2891615129","https://openalex.org/W2897806836","https://openalex.org/W2904619258","https://openalex.org/W2919730180","https://openalex.org/W2963020121","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2973121355","https://openalex.org/W3007193003","https://openalex.org/W3034842625","https://openalex.org/W3035058084","https://openalex.org/W3088900060","https://openalex.org/W3136928177","https://openalex.org/W3192029867","https://openalex.org/W3209941631","https://openalex.org/W4229449332","https://openalex.org/W4288064701","https://openalex.org/W4293057144","https://openalex.org/W4294219212","https://openalex.org/W4301260519","https://openalex.org/W4328007424","https://openalex.org/W4366147956","https://openalex.org/W6703448655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389820878","https://openalex.org/W2023833916","https://openalex.org/W1607049962","https://openalex.org/W3182131123","https://openalex.org/W2406192116","https://openalex.org/W3132963729","https://openalex.org/W2624044939","https://openalex.org/W1985655499","https://openalex.org/W3027097125","https://openalex.org/W2794570086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,5,17,48,52,57,68,124,148,179,184,189],"necessity":[2],"of":[3,126,183],"connecting":[4],"unconnected,":[6],"covering":[7],"blind":[8],"spots":[9],"has":[10],"emerged":[11],"as":[12,63,200],"a":[13,27,79,110,131,137,141,161,175],"critical":[14],"task":[15],"in":[16,70,130],"next-generation":[18],"wireless":[19],"communication":[20],"network.":[21],"A":[22],"direct":[23],"solution":[24],"involves":[25],"obtaining":[26],"coverage":[28,34,54,59,84],"manifold":[29,55,60],"that":[30,46,165],"visually":[31],"showcases":[32],"network":[33],"performance":[35,125,201],"at":[36],"each":[37],"position.":[38],"Our":[39],"goal":[40],"is":[41,78,89,120,145],"to":[42,62,95,97,147,152],"devise":[43],"different":[44],"methods":[45,107],"minimize":[47],"absolute":[49],"error":[50],"between":[51,191],"estimated":[53],"and":[56,155,170,181,198,203],"actual":[58],"(referred":[61],"accuracy),":[64],"while":[65],"simultaneously":[66],"maximizing":[67],"reduction":[69],"computational":[71,75],"complexity":[72,169,197],"(measured":[73],"by":[74,108],"latency).":[76],"Simulation":[77],"common":[80],"method":[81,139,164],"for":[82,122,178],"acquiring":[83],"manifolds.":[85],"Although":[86],"accurate,":[87],"it":[88,93],"computationally":[90],"expensive,":[91],"making":[92],"challenging":[94],"extend":[96],"large-scale":[98,127],"networks.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"we":[103,135,159,187],"expedite":[104],"traditional":[105],"simulation":[106],"introducing":[109],"statistical":[111],"model":[112,142],"termed":[113],"line-of-sight":[114],"probability-based":[115],"accelerated":[116],"simulation.":[117],"Stochastic":[118],"geometry":[119,150],"suitable":[121],"evaluating":[123],"networks,":[128],"albeit":[129,173],"coarse-grained":[132],"manner.":[133],"Therefore,":[134],"propose":[136,160],"second":[138],"wherein":[140],"training":[143],"approach":[144],"applied":[146],"stochastic":[149],"framework":[151],"enhance":[153],"accuracy":[154,199],"reduce":[156],"complexity.":[157],"Additionally,":[158],"machine":[162],"learning-based":[163],"ensures":[166],"both":[167],"low":[168],"high":[171],"accuracy,":[172],"with":[174],"significant":[176],"demand":[177],"size":[180],"quality":[182],"dataset.":[185],"Furthermore,":[186],"describe":[188],"relationships":[190],"these":[192],"three":[193],"methods,":[194],"compare":[195],"their":[196,205],"verification,":[202],"discuss":[204],"application":[206],"scenarios.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
