{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386275726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3310003","title":"An Ensemble-Based IoT-Enabled Drones Detection Scheme for a Safe Community","display_name":"An Ensemble-Based IoT-Enabled Drones Detection Scheme for a Safe Community","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386275726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3310003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3310003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3310003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10234612.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10234612.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071972877","display_name":"Jaskaran Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-2048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaskaran Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102846055","display_name":"Keshav Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-817X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004320904","display_name":"Mohammad Wazid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-0921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Wazid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011213078","display_name":"Ashok Kumar Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-9589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64189192","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/05f11g639","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64189192"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Kumar Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Security, Theory and Algorithmic Research, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Security, Theory and Algorithmic Research, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64189192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074022699","display_name":"Athanasios V. Vasilakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios V. Vasilakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for AI Research, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","Center for AI Research (CAIR), University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for AI Research, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for AI Research (CAIR), University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071972877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":11.5636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97864193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"1946","last_page":"1956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.9752511978149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8019187450408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6010011434555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5818591117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5128579139709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47737905383110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46821168065071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.44228315353393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4422374963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.43399059772491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4302441477775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4199773371219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4183439016342163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.9752511978149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8019187450408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6010011434555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5818591117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5128579139709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47737905383110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46821168065071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.44228315353393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4422374963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.43399059772491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4302441477775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4199773371219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4183439016342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3310003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3310003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10234612.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:68592d74c05f4b5dad0d305a20beed96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/68592d74c05f4b5dad0d305a20beed96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 4, Pp 1946-1956 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uia.brage.unit.no:11250/3100249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3100249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1946-1956","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3310003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3310003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10234612.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327751","display_name":"Universitetet i Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386275726.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386275726.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518672027","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2346349911","https://openalex.org/W2604611197","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2755710537","https://openalex.org/W2781550963","https://openalex.org/W2792633707","https://openalex.org/W2806087517","https://openalex.org/W2808032407","https://openalex.org/W2886780319","https://openalex.org/W2887491889","https://openalex.org/W2917876423","https://openalex.org/W2968931736","https://openalex.org/W2972137370","https://openalex.org/W2985108241","https://openalex.org/W3011888359","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3041916388","https://openalex.org/W3044677943","https://openalex.org/W3092545670","https://openalex.org/W3097308740","https://openalex.org/W3113166045","https://openalex.org/W3123178180","https://openalex.org/W3134566164","https://openalex.org/W3134782660","https://openalex.org/W3165296532","https://openalex.org/W3206953967","https://openalex.org/W3206980850","https://openalex.org/W4206352407","https://openalex.org/W4224234142","https://openalex.org/W4255421341","https://openalex.org/W4285255160","https://openalex.org/W4289861301","https://openalex.org/W4293421009","https://openalex.org/W4307186824","https://openalex.org/W4309339011","https://openalex.org/W4310062079","https://openalex.org/W4313260504","https://openalex.org/W4380682691","https://openalex.org/W4380898610","https://openalex.org/W4383559247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281","https://openalex.org/W4385398839","https://openalex.org/W4384700341","https://openalex.org/W4394759804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,28,41,47,89,112,115,125,129,136,150,154,177],"increasing":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,6,50,74,91,114,139,145,149,156],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)-enabled":[8],"drones":[9,51,63],"for":[10,43,46,83,160,184,194,203],"various":[11],"purposes,":[12],"including":[13,124],"photography,":[14],"delivery,":[15],"and":[16,22,36,79,94,128,172,197],"surveillance,":[17],"concerns":[18],"related":[19,101],"to":[20,30],"privacy":[21],"security":[23,38],"have":[24,27],"arisen.":[25],"Drones":[26],"potential":[29,155],"capture":[31],"sensitive":[32],"information,":[33],"invade":[34],"privacy,":[35],"cause":[37],"breaches.":[39],"Therefore,":[40],"need":[42],"advanced":[44],"technology":[45,159],"automated":[48,161],"detection":[49,64,141,163,186],"has":[52],"become":[53],"crucial.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,118],"propose":[59],"an":[60],"ensemble-based":[61],"IoT-enabled":[62],"scheme":[65,152],"(in":[66],"short,":[67],"EDDSBS).":[68],"The":[69,132,147],"presented":[70,151],"model":[71],"is":[72,201],"part":[73],"a":[75,98,180,195,204],"computer":[76],"vision-based":[77],"module":[78],"uses":[80],"transfer":[81],"learning":[82,87],"improved":[84],"performance.":[85],"Transfer":[86],"allows":[88],"reuse":[90],"pre-trained":[92],"models":[93],"their":[95],"knowledge":[96],"in":[97,143,164,191],"different":[99],"but":[100],"domain,":[102],"enabling":[103],"better":[104],"performance":[105,113],"with":[106],"less":[107],"training":[108],"data.":[109],"To":[110],"evaluate":[111],"proposed":[116,133],"EDDSBS,":[117],"test":[119],"it":[120],"on":[121],"benchmark":[122],"datasets,":[123],"Drone\u2013vs\u2013Bird":[126],"Dataset":[127],"UAVDT":[130],"dataset.":[131],"EDDSBS":[134],"outperforms":[135],"existing":[137],"schemes":[138],"drone":[140,162,185],"(i.e.,":[142],"terms":[144],"accuracy).":[146],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[153],"deep":[157],"learning-based":[158],"critical":[165],"areas,":[166],"such":[167],"as":[168],"airports,":[169],"military":[170],"bases,":[171],"other":[173],"high-security":[174],"areas.":[175],"Thus":[176],"paper":[178],"introduces":[179],"comprehensive":[181],"process":[182],"methodology":[183],"that":[187],"can":[188],"be":[189],"applied":[190],"real-world":[192],"settings":[193],"sustainable":[196],"secure":[198],"environment,":[199],"which":[200],"required":[202],"safe":[205],"community.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}