{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319990090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3239434","title":"Proactively Predicting Dynamic 6G Link Blockages Using LiDAR and In-Band Signatures","display_name":"Proactively Predicting Dynamic 6G Link Blockages Using LiDAR and In-Band Signatures","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319990090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3239434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3239434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3239434","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10025461.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10025461.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071471496","display_name":"Shunyao Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shunyao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025336372","display_name":"Chaitali Chakrabarti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-7778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaitali Chakrabarti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003243464","display_name":"Ahmed Alkhateeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Alkhateeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071471496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":3.2325,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92344321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"392","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9623000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8828975558280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7784912586212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6211276054382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6197140216827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6120544672012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5039584040641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.4528069496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4305679500102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3622398376464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21467745304107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2035980522632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.20003923773765564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8828975558280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7784912586212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6211276054382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6197140216827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6120544672012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5039584040641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.4528069496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4305679500102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3622398376464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21467745304107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2035980522632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.20003923773765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3239434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3239434","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10025461.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e59b6d9148f4ad796ddeec607aa46a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e59b6d9148f4ad796ddeec607aa46a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 4, Pp 392-412 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3239434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3239434","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10025461.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3967710486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2048021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319990090.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319990090.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2346891518","https://openalex.org/W2575875755","https://openalex.org/W2587051564","https://openalex.org/W2724926863","https://openalex.org/W2765756443","https://openalex.org/W2810871807","https://openalex.org/W2906788812","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963648888","https://openalex.org/W2970203070","https://openalex.org/W2979576861","https://openalex.org/W2985551774","https://openalex.org/W3001909141","https://openalex.org/W3036327743","https://openalex.org/W3039059058","https://openalex.org/W3043284621","https://openalex.org/W3091391704","https://openalex.org/W3098450357","https://openalex.org/W3100000822","https://openalex.org/W3100119410","https://openalex.org/W3118368083","https://openalex.org/W3194668692","https://openalex.org/W3211744402","https://openalex.org/W3212289002","https://openalex.org/W3212407382","https://openalex.org/W3212590122","https://openalex.org/W3214001602","https://openalex.org/W4207037760","https://openalex.org/W4313000817","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6804063432","https://openalex.org/W6845038112","https://openalex.org/W6847498344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2909132900","https://openalex.org/W2226826524","https://openalex.org/W1574680451","https://openalex.org/W3203485577","https://openalex.org/W2149294715","https://openalex.org/W2625315266","https://openalex.org/W4297234917","https://openalex.org/W2084242067","https://openalex.org/W2048574738","https://openalex.org/W2383341208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Line-of-sight":[0],"link":[1,44,81],"blockages":[2,45,206,218],"represent":[3],"a":[4,79,156],"key":[5,73],"challenge":[6],"for":[7,57,217,258],"the":[8,37,51,61,71,108,116,119,134,151,186,191,194,229,234,250,253],"reliability":[9,63],"and":[10,16,29,40,64,90,137,164,211],"latency":[11],"of":[12,118,133,241,252],"millimeter":[13],"wave":[14],"(mmWave)":[15],"terahertz":[17],"(THz)":[18],"communication":[19,38,166],"networks.":[20,260],"To":[21,149],"address":[22],"this":[23,25,68,100,224],"challenge,":[24],"paper":[26,69,230],"leverages":[27],"mmWave":[28,165],"LiDAR":[30,91,163,177,187],"sensory":[31,138],"data":[32,178],"to":[33,53,145,185,199],"provide":[34],"awareness":[35],"about":[36],"environment":[39],"proactively":[41],"predict":[42,78,98,107,115],"dynamic":[43],"before":[46,83],"they":[47],"occur.":[48],"This":[49],"allows":[50],"network":[52,62,245],"make":[54],"proactive":[55],"decisions":[56],"hand-off/beam":[58],"switching,":[59],"enhancing":[60],"latency.":[65],"More":[66],"specifically,":[67],"addresses":[70],"following":[72],"questions:":[74],"(i)":[75],"Can":[76,95,105],"we":[77,96,106,114,124,141,154,173],"line-of-sight":[80],"blockage,":[82],"it":[84],"happens,":[85],"using":[86],"in-band":[87],"mmWave/THz":[88],"signal":[89,136],"sensing":[92],"data?":[93],"(ii)":[94],"also":[97,231],"when":[99],"blockage":[101,109,226,255],"will":[102],"occur?":[103],"(iii)":[104],"duration?":[110],"And":[111],"(iv)":[112],"can":[113,237],"direction":[117],"moving":[120],"blockage?":[121],"For":[122],"that,":[123],"develop":[125,174],"machine":[126],"learning":[127],"solutions":[128,236,257],"that":[129,160,181,233],"learn":[130],"special":[131],"patterns":[132],"received":[135],"data,":[139],"which":[140,247],"call":[142],"pre-blockage":[143],"signatures,":[144],"infer":[146],"future":[147,225],"blockages.":[148],"evaluate":[150],"proposed":[152],"approaches,":[153],"build":[155],"large-scale":[157],"real-world":[158,192],"dataset":[159],"comprises":[161],"co-existing":[162],"measurements":[167],"in":[168,204,244],"outdoor":[169],"vehicular":[170],"scenarios.":[171],"Then,":[172],"an":[175,239],"efficient":[176],"denoising":[179],"algorithm":[180],"applies":[182],"some":[183],"pre-processing":[184],"data.":[188],"Based":[189],"on":[190],"dataset,":[193],"developed":[195,235,254],"approaches":[196],"are":[197],"shown":[198],"achieve":[200,238],"above":[201],"95%":[202],"accuracy":[203,216],"predicting":[205],"occurring":[207,219],"within":[208,220],"100":[209],"ms":[210],"more":[212],"than":[213],"80%":[214],"prediction":[215,227,256],"one":[221],"second.":[222],"Given":[223],"capability,":[228],"shows":[232],"order":[240],"magnitude":[242],"saving":[243],"latency,":[246],"further":[248],"highlights":[249],"potential":[251],"wireless":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}