{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312658979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3217447","title":"An Accurate Model for Computation Offloading in 6G Networks and a HAPS-Based Case Study","display_name":"An Accurate Model for Computation Offloading in 6G Networks and a HAPS-Based Case Study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312658979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3217447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3217447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3217447","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/09931920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/09931920.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004929878","display_name":"Tolga Ovatman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolga Ovatman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-3145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022600471","display_name":"G\u00fcne\u015f Karabulut Kurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunes Karabulut Kurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Poly-Grames Research Center, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-2619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Poly-Grames Research Center, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035446029","display_name":"Halim Yan\u0131k\u00f6mero\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halim Yanikomeroglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-9354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":1.2024,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8018264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1963","last_page":"1977"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7977886199951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6901688575744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.6741877198219299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6312909126281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5990113019943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5703925490379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.5185973644256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4934147894382477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.472215473651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4250560402870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.4141864478588104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.3835883140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.24990907311439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.16984149813652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15432745218276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.0856301486492157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7977886199951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6901688575744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.6741877198219299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6312909126281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5990113019943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5703925490379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.5185973644256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4934147894382477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.472215473651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4250560402870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4141864478588104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3835883140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.24990907311439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.16984149813652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15432745218276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0856301486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3217447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3217447","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/09931920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:392bd91072894242bdaca86d07758b84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/392bd91072894242bdaca86d07758b84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 3, Pp 1963-1977 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/41237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/41237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:51968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/51968/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revue"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3217447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3217447","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/09931920.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312658979.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312658979.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79474054","https://openalex.org/W1524725909","https://openalex.org/W1929673217","https://openalex.org/W1971471618","https://openalex.org/W2003829707","https://openalex.org/W2012514275","https://openalex.org/W2033837972","https://openalex.org/W2040569041","https://openalex.org/W2050086297","https://openalex.org/W2082410059","https://openalex.org/W2096885595","https://openalex.org/W2104993419","https://openalex.org/W2119631914","https://openalex.org/W2129542763","https://openalex.org/W2143345392","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2257437519","https://openalex.org/W2522123397","https://openalex.org/W2566708220","https://openalex.org/W2576355797","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2624693925","https://openalex.org/W2791432311","https://openalex.org/W2888764732","https://openalex.org/W2888816167","https://openalex.org/W2889289513","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2899051739","https://openalex.org/W2899183567","https://openalex.org/W2911353037","https://openalex.org/W2914899603","https://openalex.org/W2916270334","https://openalex.org/W2920581164","https://openalex.org/W2936475521","https://openalex.org/W2939138533","https://openalex.org/W2949259904","https://openalex.org/W2960944858","https://openalex.org/W2962912298","https://openalex.org/W2964015972","https://openalex.org/W2973836562","https://openalex.org/W2974654731","https://openalex.org/W2984835264","https://openalex.org/W2995862989","https://openalex.org/W3017518089","https://openalex.org/W3030647508","https://openalex.org/W3047044545","https://openalex.org/W3080475059","https://openalex.org/W3089190064","https://openalex.org/W3106171294","https://openalex.org/W3110123607","https://openalex.org/W3120923500","https://openalex.org/W3135028423","https://openalex.org/W3156195074","https://openalex.org/W3160371670","https://openalex.org/W3174170930","https://openalex.org/W3175947059","https://openalex.org/W3200981643","https://openalex.org/W4285325856","https://openalex.org/W6732337852","https://openalex.org/W6786178219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W3014317926","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W3185499500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,179],"undeniable":[1],"potential":[2,91,166],"of":[3,33,40,47,58,69,92,108,128,135,142,154,167],"computation":[4,24,119],"offloading":[5,25,94,186],"has":[6,26,98],"been":[7],"attracting":[8],"attention":[9],"from":[10],"researchers":[11],"for":[12,121],"more":[13,29],"than":[14],"a":[15,28,64,117,168],"decade.":[16],"With":[17],"advances":[18],"in":[19,36,60,95],"multi-access":[20],"edge":[21,41],"computing":[22],"(MEC),":[23],"become":[27],"critical":[30],"issue":[31],"because":[32],"the":[34,37,44,53,56,90,106,109,129,133,136,140,143,150,165,199,207],"heterogeneity":[35],"computational":[38,84,93,191],"power":[39],"devices":[42],"and":[43,72,139],"elevated":[45],"importance":[46],"extending":[48],"their":[49],"lifespan.":[50],"Due":[51],"to":[52,184,188,205],"apparent":[54],"advantages,":[55],"use":[57],"MEC":[59,174],"6G":[61,96,122],"networks,":[62],"where":[63,156],"vertical":[65],"heterogeneous":[66],"network":[67],"composed":[68],"space,":[70],"air,":[71],"ground":[73],"networks":[74,97,123],"is":[75,147],"only":[76],"natural.":[77],"non-terrestrial":[79],"networking":[80],"elements":[81],"constitute":[82],"effective":[83],"resources.":[85],"However,":[86],"recent":[87],"research":[88],"investigating":[89],"involved":[99],"models":[100],"that":[101,124,198],"do":[102],"not":[103],"adequately":[104],"reflect":[105],"complexity":[107],"underlying":[110],"processes.":[111],"In":[112],"this":[113,177],"study,":[114],"we":[115,196],"propose":[116],"realistic":[118],"model":[120,146,181,201],"considers":[125],"crucial":[126],"properties":[127],"offloaded":[130],"job,":[131],"including":[132],"inter-dependency":[134],"job":[137],"tasks":[138],"decomposability":[141],"job.":[144],"Our":[145],"based":[148],"on":[149],"mature":[151],"application":[152],"domain":[153],"MEC,":[155],"proven":[157],"solutions":[158],"are":[159],"already":[160],"studied.":[161],"We":[162],"also":[163],"investigate":[164],"high":[169],"altitude":[170],"platform":[171,175],"station":[172],"(HAPS)-aided":[173],"using":[176],"model.":[178],"proposed":[180,200],"allows":[182],"us":[183],"design":[185],"strategies":[187],"enable":[189],"adaptive":[190],"offloading.":[192],"Through":[193],"numerical":[194],"analyses,":[195],"show":[197],"provides":[202],"sufficient":[203],"insight":[204],"reduce":[206],"total":[208],"processing":[209],"time":[210],"significantly.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}