{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135141538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","title":"An Error Rate Comparison of Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Sparse Code Multiple Access","display_name":"An Error Rate Comparison of Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Sparse Code Multiple Access","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135141538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","mag":"3135141538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078371026","display_name":"Qu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-8375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-8375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025232677","display_name":"Pengyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3442-9935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629531","display_name":"Zilong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-4261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-4261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026003516","display_name":"Lixia Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-8356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixia Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045802450","display_name":"Zeina Mheich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-7455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeina Mheich","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002566516","display_name":"Pei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061251751","display_name":"Amine Maaref","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-1625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amine Maaref","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canada Research Center, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-1625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Research Center, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":4.8182,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9608438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"500","last_page":"511"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5868974328041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5289996266365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4665158987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4419667720794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43847453594207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36373165249824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3499617576599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13797852396965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06899836659431458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5868974328041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5289996266365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4665158987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4419667720794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43847453594207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36373165249824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3499617576599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13797852396965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06899836659431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6c91c09b56a49b9b3fc3627f8c111e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6c91c09b56a49b9b3fc3627f8c111e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 2, Pp 500-511 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3064504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2619017074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P008402/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5449388699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P03456X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7449167111","display_name":"Millimeter-wave Antennas and Components for Future Mobile Broadband Networks (MILLIBAN)","funder_award_id":"EP/P008402/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7806824190","display_name":"New Air Interface Techniques for Future Massive Machine Communications","funder_award_id":"EP/P03456X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321979","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526933574","https://openalex.org/W1690504809","https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W1981423455","https://openalex.org/W1997958020","https://openalex.org/W2008104692","https://openalex.org/W2008772536","https://openalex.org/W2027563534","https://openalex.org/W2042519026","https://openalex.org/W2121184564","https://openalex.org/W2121837475","https://openalex.org/W2124894634","https://openalex.org/W2142022446","https://openalex.org/W2142962453","https://openalex.org/W2156787051","https://openalex.org/W2162273329","https://openalex.org/W2241996900","https://openalex.org/W2288813195","https://openalex.org/W2289565584","https://openalex.org/W2422021507","https://openalex.org/W2516569912","https://openalex.org/W2522847968","https://openalex.org/W2541373058","https://openalex.org/W2579206766","https://openalex.org/W2593351034","https://openalex.org/W2728954613","https://openalex.org/W2767575819","https://openalex.org/W2792359717","https://openalex.org/W2802495557","https://openalex.org/W2810802021","https://openalex.org/W2890888377","https://openalex.org/W2896566269","https://openalex.org/W2900083088","https://openalex.org/W2950680104","https://openalex.org/W2962896080","https://openalex.org/W2963336322","https://openalex.org/W2966706182","https://openalex.org/W2974440178","https://openalex.org/W2979267702","https://openalex.org/W3011058145","https://openalex.org/W3084405028","https://openalex.org/W3085204468","https://openalex.org/W3094393839","https://openalex.org/W3097177755","https://openalex.org/W3098197514","https://openalex.org/W3101450547","https://openalex.org/W3134567856","https://openalex.org/W6631319529","https://openalex.org/W6726227549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2989452537","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2062023542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-orthogonal":[0],"Multiple":[1,34,57],"Access":[2,35,58],"(NOMA)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"envisioned":[6],"as":[7],"one":[8],"of":[9,18,25,44,97,107,193,207],"the":[10,16,72,92,101,105,115,191,205],"key":[11],"enabling":[12],"techniques":[13],"to":[14,32,78],"fulfill":[15],"requirements":[17],"future":[19],"wireless":[20],"networks.":[21],"The":[22],"primary":[23],"benefit":[24],"NOMA":[26,47,52],"is":[27,69,86],"higher":[28],"spectrum":[29],"efficiency":[30],"compared":[31],"Orthogonal":[33],"(OMA).":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"presents":[39],"an":[40],"error":[41,79,94,109,196],"rate":[42,95],"comparison":[43],"two":[45,151],"distinct":[46],"schemes,":[48],"i.e.,":[49],"power":[50,102],"domain":[51],"(PD-NOMA)":[53],"and":[54,111,157,173,200,204],"Sparse":[55],"Code":[56],"(SCMA).":[59],"In":[60,81],"a":[61],"typical":[62,163],"PD-NOMA":[63,183,203],"system,":[64],"successive":[65],"interference":[66],"cancellation":[67],"(SIC)":[68],"utilized":[70],"at":[71],"receiver,":[73],"which":[74],"however":[75],"may":[76],"lead":[77],"propagation.":[80],"comparison,":[82],"message":[83],"passing":[84],"decoding":[85,116],"employed":[87],"in":[88,185],"SCMA.":[89],"To":[90],"attain":[91],"best":[93],"performance":[96,160],"PD-NOMA,":[98],"we":[99],"optimize":[100],"allocation":[103],"with":[104,130],"aid":[106],"pairwise":[108],"probability":[110],"then":[112],"carry":[113],"out":[114],"using":[117],"generalized":[118],"sphere":[119],"decoder":[120],"(GSD).":[121],"Our":[122],"extensive":[123],"simulation":[124],"results":[125],"show":[126],"that":[127],"SCMA":[128],"system":[129],"\u201c":[131,164,174],"<inline-formula":[132,165,175],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[133,166,176],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[134,167,177],"<tex-math":[135,168,178],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$5\\times":[136],"10$":[137],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[138,171,181],"\u201d":[139,172,182],"setting":[140],"(i.e.,":[141],"ten":[142],"users":[143],"communicate":[144],"over":[145,150],"five":[146],"subcarriers,":[147],"each":[148],"active":[149],"subcarriers)":[152],"achieves":[153],"better":[154],"uncoded":[155],"BER":[156,159],"coded":[158],"than":[161],"both":[162],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1\\times":[169],"2$":[170],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2\\times":[179],"4$":[180],"systems":[184],"uplink":[186],"Rayleigh":[187],"fading":[188],"channel.":[189],"Finally,":[190],"impacts":[192],"channel":[194],"estimation":[195],"on":[197],"SCMA,":[198],"SIC":[199],"GSD":[201],"based":[202],"complexity":[206],"multiuser":[208],"detection":[209],"schemes":[210],"are":[211],"also":[212],"discussed.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}