{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036445703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3017237","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces With Spatial Modulation: An Electromagnetic Perspective","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces With Spatial Modulation: An Electromagnetic Perspective","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036445703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3017237","mag":"3036445703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3017237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3017237","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8816718/09171362.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8816718/09171362.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053763715","display_name":"Okan Yurduseven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-3029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okan Yurduseven","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","[Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-3029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093917331","display_name":"Stylianos D. Asimonis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stylianos D. Assimonis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","[Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-7119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035876091","display_name":"Michail Matthaiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Matthaiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","[Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05423388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1256","last_page":"1266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavefront","display_name":"Wavefront","score":0.8591024279594421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6960696578025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.5713390111923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5099231004714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating","display_name":"Grating","score":0.5053563714027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-and-far-field","display_name":"Near and far field","score":0.4562245011329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43677571415901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3387683033943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3027940094470978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.8591024279594421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6960696578025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5713390111923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5099231004714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.5053563714027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.4562245011329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43677571415901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3387683033943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3027940094470978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3017237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3017237","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8816718/09171362.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/f6d85b89-eae7-41cd-aaac-3d91e20d8e31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/f6d85b89-eae7-41cd-aaac-3d91e20d8e31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Yurduseven, O, Assimonis, S & Matthaiou, M 2020, 'Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces with Spatial Modulation: An Electromagnetic Perspective', IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 1, pp. 1256 - 1266. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.3017237","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.12643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.12643","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.12643","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3036445703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2006.12643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d1183535d8e14221b5d8f5e98aa3fea8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d1183535d8e14221b5d8f5e98aa3fea8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 1, Pp 1256-1266 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.12643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2006.12643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3017237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3017237","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8816718/09171362.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G347878058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P000673/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3583636234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RL-2019-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","funder_display_name":"Leverhulme Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8023429228","display_name":"Low-complexity processing for mm-Wave massive MIMO","funder_award_id":"EP/P000673/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316531","display_name":"Department for the Economy","ror":"https://ror.org/0161w0r98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036445703.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036445703.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W614168053","https://openalex.org/W1971549192","https://openalex.org/W1995416785","https://openalex.org/W2029262884","https://openalex.org/W2031392417","https://openalex.org/W2113320895","https://openalex.org/W2113369042","https://openalex.org/W2122309188","https://openalex.org/W2158992357","https://openalex.org/W2306781260","https://openalex.org/W2313379192","https://openalex.org/W2409395425","https://openalex.org/W2411730702","https://openalex.org/W2440845537","https://openalex.org/W2541537854","https://openalex.org/W2564147886","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2608096495","https://openalex.org/W2623906780","https://openalex.org/W2788933092","https://openalex.org/W2793558033","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2889960731","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2910255178","https://openalex.org/W2916238596","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2953226670","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2963666666","https://openalex.org/W2964066573","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2970906501","https://openalex.org/W2983012712","https://openalex.org/W2993316576","https://openalex.org/W2996372260","https://openalex.org/W3006557588","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3011952645","https://openalex.org/W3021564798","https://openalex.org/W3027460437","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3044697195","https://openalex.org/W3045835314","https://openalex.org/W3100075210","https://openalex.org/W3102522281","https://openalex.org/W4256217385","https://openalex.org/W6910391783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294954038","https://openalex.org/W1487580100","https://openalex.org/W965390627","https://openalex.org/W3153167529","https://openalex.org/W2775092621","https://openalex.org/W2934931541","https://openalex.org/W2267609287","https://openalex.org/W2867255447","https://openalex.org/W2602835895","https://openalex.org/W3019669424","https://openalex.org/W2830879485","https://openalex.org/W2843729972","https://openalex.org/W2870424269","https://openalex.org/W1541198001","https://openalex.org/W2847364853","https://openalex.org/W3144360530","https://openalex.org/W2867672003","https://openalex.org/W3085029490","https://openalex.org/W2827705566","https://openalex.org/W22924240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electromagnetic":[0],"wave":[1],"control":[2,182],"using":[3,72],"the":[4,40,44,51,55,66,83,87,97,99,103,113,116,121,127,132,142,170,176,181,184,187,192,196,207,219,230,255,259],"concept":[5,241],"of":[6,61,75,115,144,173,175,183,186,205,244,258],"a":[7,14,17,21,26,32,47,59,92,137,152,199,211,224,237,245,251],"reflecting":[8,56,177,208],"surface":[9,148,209],"is":[10,36,70,79,107],"first":[11],"studied":[12],"as":[13,31,46],"near-field":[15],"and":[16,123,162],"far-field":[18],"problem.":[19],"Using":[20],"secondary":[22],"source":[23,45],"present":[24,236],"in":[25,112,120,131,141,210],"wireless":[27,213],"communication":[28,214],"environment,":[29],"such":[30],"backscatter":[33,153],"tag,":[34,154],"it":[35],"possible":[37],"to":[38,49,91,109,218,228],"leverage":[39],"incoming":[41],"radiation":[42,118],"from":[43,102],"reference-wave":[48,85],"synthesize":[50],"desired":[52,88,117],"wavefront":[53,101],"across":[54],"surface,":[57],"radiating":[58],"field":[60,172,190],"interest.":[62],"In":[63,216],"this":[64],"geometry,":[65],"phase":[67,105,220],"grating,":[68],"which":[69],"synthesized":[71],"an":[73,145,165],"array":[74],"sub-wavelength":[76],"unit":[77,225,261],"cells,":[78],"calculated":[80,104],"by":[81,96,151,203],"interacting":[82],"incident":[84],"with":[86],"wavefront,":[89],"similar":[90],"hologram.":[93],"When":[94],"illuminated":[95,150],"reference-wave,":[98],"reflected":[100],"grating":[106],"guaranteed":[108],"constructively":[110],"add":[111],"direction":[114],"(beam-steering":[119],"far-field)":[122],"also":[124],"focus":[125,161],"at":[126,164,191],"intended":[128],"depth":[129],"(beam-focusing":[130],"radiative":[133],"near-field).":[134],"Next,":[135],"leveraging":[136],"dynamic":[138],"modulation":[139,201],"mechanism":[140,202],"context":[143],"intelligent":[146],"reflective":[147],"(IRS)":[149],"we":[155,234],"demonstrate":[156],"that":[157],"one":[158],"can":[159],"selectively":[160],"defocus":[163],"arbitrarily":[166],"positioned":[167],"receiver":[168,193],"within":[169],"3D":[171],"view":[174],"surface.":[178],"This":[179],"enables":[180],"amplitude":[185],"radiated":[188,232],"electric":[189],"location,":[194],"paving":[195],"way":[197],"for":[198],"spatial":[200],"means":[204],"reconfiguring":[206],"backscattered":[212],"environment.":[215],"addition":[217],"modification":[221],"approach":[222,248],"on":[223,250],"cell":[226,262],"level":[227],"reconfigure":[229],"aperture":[231],"wavefronts,":[233],"finally":[235],"time":[238],"varying":[239],"IRS":[240],"making":[242],"use":[243],"time-delay":[246],"based":[247],"relying":[249],"delay":[252],"adjustment":[253],"between":[254],"reflection":[256],"coefficients":[257],"IRS'":[260],"lattices.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
