{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7156228227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625","title":"A Low-Power, Analog-Integrated, Current-Mode, and Fully Tunable Artificial Neural Network Classifier Architecture for Biomedical Engineering Applications","display_name":"A Low-Power, Analog-Integrated, Current-Mode, and Fully Tunable Artificial Neural Network Classifier Architecture for Biomedical Engineering Applications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7156228227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024524906","display_name":"Vassilis Alimisis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-1493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156054","display_name":"Athena Research and Innovation Center In Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/0576by029","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156054"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vassilis Alimisis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-1493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111262402","display_name":"Andreas Papathanasiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0818-0050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Papathanasiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040477973","display_name":"Vasileios Moustakas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156054","display_name":"Athena Research and Innovation Center In Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/0576by029","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156054"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Moustakas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119040011","display_name":"Anna Mylona","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156054","display_name":"Athena Research and Innovation Center In Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/0576by029","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156054"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Mylona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044099113","display_name":"Christos Dimas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-2414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Dimas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013213336","display_name":"Paul P. Sotiriadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-4645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156054","display_name":"Athena Research and Innovation Center In Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/0576by029","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156054"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul P. Sotiriadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-4645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156054"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61246279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"158","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.14560000598430634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.14560000598430634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.13199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.0625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5909000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-architecture","display_name":"Systems architecture","score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.28850001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5909000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2afe41209fb40f2911c0518ddc88997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2afe41209fb40f2911c0518ddc88997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems, Vol 7, Pp 158-172 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2026.3665625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43382659","https://openalex.org/W75432535","https://openalex.org/W1563989202","https://openalex.org/W1695065985","https://openalex.org/W1963925578","https://openalex.org/W1965229818","https://openalex.org/W1968105414","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2003522442","https://openalex.org/W2014617390","https://openalex.org/W2026883296","https://openalex.org/W2050209058","https://openalex.org/W2072024971","https://openalex.org/W2086447159","https://openalex.org/W2090466907","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2105973542","https://openalex.org/W2120461003","https://openalex.org/W2120695048","https://openalex.org/W2123597802","https://openalex.org/W2128011079","https://openalex.org/W2139923370","https://openalex.org/W2140823559","https://openalex.org/W2145431022","https://openalex.org/W2153827622","https://openalex.org/W2156725965","https://openalex.org/W2476621593","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2621887673","https://openalex.org/W2744467597","https://openalex.org/W2782791387","https://openalex.org/W2795913282","https://openalex.org/W2896122000","https://openalex.org/W2897597575","https://openalex.org/W2901312569","https://openalex.org/W2904136839","https://openalex.org/W2910166072","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2920878483","https://openalex.org/W2942886292","https://openalex.org/W2955596007","https://openalex.org/W2962877466","https://openalex.org/W2964862330","https://openalex.org/W2972686555","https://openalex.org/W2979040987","https://openalex.org/W2979650406","https://openalex.org/W3012277039","https://openalex.org/W3035035250","https://openalex.org/W3043805104","https://openalex.org/W3125537303","https://openalex.org/W3127180651","https://openalex.org/W3131200591","https://openalex.org/W3132679163","https://openalex.org/W3138204148","https://openalex.org/W4205409270","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4284705734","https://openalex.org/W4295886340","https://openalex.org/W4308652026","https://openalex.org/W4310167943","https://openalex.org/W4312705522","https://openalex.org/W4313307392","https://openalex.org/W4313886731","https://openalex.org/W4327715285","https://openalex.org/W4367308978","https://openalex.org/W4367320920","https://openalex.org/W4384067832","https://openalex.org/W4386026862","https://openalex.org/W4390502105","https://openalex.org/W4400229734","https://openalex.org/W4401284396","https://openalex.org/W4402039234","https://openalex.org/W4402082638","https://openalex.org/W4403979617","https://openalex.org/W4405102314","https://openalex.org/W4409487846","https://openalex.org/W4409568286","https://openalex.org/W4410985948","https://openalex.org/W4411147956","https://openalex.org/W4411726303","https://openalex.org/W4413392677","https://openalex.org/W4415362100","https://openalex.org/W4415623318","https://openalex.org/W4415757943","https://openalex.org/W7084500753"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,68],"low-power,":[4],"current-mode":[5],"analog":[6,29],"artificial":[7],"neural":[8],"network":[9],"(ANN)":[10],"classifier":[11,88],"implemented":[12],"in":[13,51,114],"the":[14,52,93],"TSMC":[15],"65-nm":[16],"CMOS":[17],"process":[18],"and":[19,34,46,74,80,89,95,117],"evaluated":[20],"on":[21],"two":[22],"biomedical":[23,115],"classification":[24,70],"tasks.":[25],"The":[26,98],"architecture":[27,99],"incorporates":[28],"Sigmoid,":[30],"Euclidean":[31],"distance,":[32],"min":[33],"argmin":[35],"computation":[36],"blocks":[37],"to":[38,77],"enable":[39],"fully":[40],"integrated":[41],"feature":[42],"correlation,":[43],"weight":[44],"adaptation,":[45],"decision-making.":[47],"All":[48],"circuits":[49],"operate":[50],"subthreshold":[53],"regime":[54],"with":[55,84],"<inline-formula":[56],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[57],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[58],"<tex-math":[59],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\pm":[60],"0.3{V}$":[61],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[62],"supply":[63],"rails.":[64],"Post-layout":[65],"simulations":[66],"show":[67],"worst-case":[69,101],"accuracy":[71],"of":[72],"91.7%":[73],"strong":[75],"robustness":[76],"Monte-Carlo":[78],"mismatch":[79],"Process-Voltage-Temperature":[81],"variations.":[82],"Comparison":[83],"an":[85],"equivalent":[86],"software":[87],"prior":[90],"works":[91],"validates":[92],"modeling":[94],"design":[96],"methodology.":[97],"achieves":[100],"power":[102],"consumption":[103],"below":[104],"1311":[105],"nW,":[106],"demonstrating":[107],"its":[108],"suitability":[109],"for":[110],"energy-constrained":[111],"edge-AI":[112],"applications":[113],"monitoring":[116],"diagnostics.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-28T00:00:00"}