{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412837009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654","title":"Systematic Design of Ring VCO-Based SNN\u2014Translating Training Parameters to Circuits","display_name":"Systematic Design of Ring VCO-Based SNN\u2014Translating Training Parameters to Circuits","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412837009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046498370","display_name":"Sai Sanjeet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-3944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sai Sanjeet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-3944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104267966","display_name":"Sanchari Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-4032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanchari Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-4032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033562869","display_name":"Shiuh-Hua Wood Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-6569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiuh-Hua Wood Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-6569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027837299","display_name":"Masahiro Fujita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiro Fujita","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Design Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-4175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Design Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075623958","display_name":"Bibhu Datta Sahoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-9096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bibhu Datta Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-9096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046498370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16045083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"283","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.6608150005340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.5447936058044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4811174273490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.45351898670196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21555596590042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15006408095359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10625597834587097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6608150005340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5447936058044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4811174273490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.45351898670196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21555596590042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15006408095359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10625597834587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5966c277014145b883793b1694d8de58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5966c277014145b883793b1694d8de58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems, Vol 6, Pp 283-294 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2025.3585654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498101568","https://openalex.org/W1506809288","https://openalex.org/W1944085573","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2051385641","https://openalex.org/W2076964542","https://openalex.org/W2101586548","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2229595996","https://openalex.org/W2759281356","https://openalex.org/W2798878556","https://openalex.org/W2898323475","https://openalex.org/W2899118399","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W2990793844","https://openalex.org/W3090085144","https://openalex.org/W3101265958","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W4384947637","https://openalex.org/W4385679733","https://openalex.org/W4390438247","https://openalex.org/W4390965762","https://openalex.org/W4393972632","https://openalex.org/W4402660163","https://openalex.org/W4403011977","https://openalex.org/W4404294760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2070109416","https://openalex.org/W1523213765","https://openalex.org/W2388316590","https://openalex.org/W4388486464","https://openalex.org/W2380576078","https://openalex.org/W2902200568","https://openalex.org/W3157583314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,113,135],"deployment":[1],"of":[2,52,115,148,157,209,272],"digitally-trained":[3,180],"analog":[4,33,53,76,184,199,266],"Spiking":[5],"Neural":[6],"Networks":[7],"(SNNs)":[8],"presents":[9],"a":[10,65,80,101,162],"promising":[11],"approach":[12,177],"for":[13,276],"energy-efficient":[14],"edge":[15,277],"computing.":[16],"However,":[17],"training":[18,28,57,264],"such":[19,87,210],"networks":[20],"is":[21,120,126,138],"not":[22],"trivial,":[23],"and":[24,30,39,56,90,122,150,200,253,265],"discrepancies":[25,196],"between":[26,49,197,262],"digital":[27,201,263],"models":[29,55,182,228,231],"their":[31,75],"continuous-time":[32],"implementations":[34,78,185],"pose":[35],"challenges":[36],"in":[37,79,233],"validation":[38],"performance":[40],"verification.":[41],"This":[42,97],"paper":[43],"aims":[44],"to":[45,73,132,140,169,217],"bridge":[46],"the":[47,50,60,108,116,123,129,142,151,171,191,198,207,225,260,270],"gap":[48,261],"design":[51,114],"neuron":[54,61,104,119,124],"SNNs":[58,275],"with":[59,64,145,154,204,219],"model,":[62,105],"along":[63,203],"time-domain":[66,163],"verification":[67,164,255],"framework":[68,165,189,239,258],"that":[69,237],"enables":[70],"circuit":[71],"designers":[72],"validate":[74,170],"SNN":[77],"simulation":[81],"environment":[82],"resembling":[83],"industry-standard":[84],"EDA":[85],"tools":[86],"as":[88],"Cadence":[89,234],"Synopsys":[91],"while":[92,243],"offering":[93],"significantly":[94],"faster":[95],"execution.":[96],"work":[98],"focuses":[99],"on":[100,167,190],"ring":[102,117],"oscillator-based":[103,118],"which":[106,212],"realizes":[107],"leaky":[109],"integrate-and-fire":[110],"(LIF)":[111],"neuron.":[112],"discussed,":[121],"model":[125],"digitized":[127],"using":[128,187],"bilinear":[130],"transform":[131],"enable":[133],"training.":[134],"trained":[136,172],"network":[137],"used":[139],"classify":[141],"MNIST":[143],"dataset":[144,153],"an":[146,155,245,250],"accuracy":[147,156,195],"97.35%":[149],"Iris":[152,192],"93.33%.":[158],"We":[159,174],"further":[160],"introduce":[161],"based":[166],"Simulink":[168,227],"networks.":[173],"verify":[175,224],"our":[176,188,238,257],"by":[178],"comparing":[179],"PyTorch":[181],"against":[183,229],"simulated":[186,232],"dataset,":[193],"revealing":[194],"counterparts,":[202],"insights":[205],"into":[206],"cause":[208],"discrepancies,":[211],"would":[213],"have":[214],"been":[215],"difficult":[216],"simulate":[218],"SPICE":[220],"simulators.":[221],"Additionally,":[222],"we":[223],"generated":[226],"Verilog-A":[230],"Spectre,":[235],"demonstrating":[236],"produces":[240],"identical":[241],"outputs":[242],"achieving":[244],"order-of-magnitude":[246],"speedup.":[247],"By":[248],"providing":[249],"efficient,":[251],"accurate,":[252],"accessible":[254],"platform,":[256],"bridges":[259],"hardware":[267],"verification,":[268],"facilitating":[269],"development":[271],"robust,":[273],"high-performance":[274],"applications.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}