{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412966626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ntms65597.2025.11076733","title":"Comparative Analysis of SNN and CNN Models for Energy Efficient Intrusion Detection","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of SNN and CNN Models for Energy Efficient Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412966626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ntms65597.2025.11076733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ntms65597.2025.11076733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ntms65597.2025.11076733","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119214631","display_name":"Alina Fesu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alina Fesu","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069261349","display_name":"Nathan Shone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Shone","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021623176","display_name":"\u00c1ine MacDermott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-4664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ine MacDermott","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073712929","display_name":"Bo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2746-350X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032823748","display_name":"Mahmoud Hashem Eiza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Eiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Moores University,School of Computer Science and Mathematics Liverpool,Liverpool,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9838,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84094202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.730049729347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6812872886657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37762314081192017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.730049729347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6812872886657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37762314081192017}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ntms65597.2025.11076733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ntms65597.2025.11076733","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk:26572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401246","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","host_organization_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2140396831","https://openalex.org/W2795083874","https://openalex.org/W2886020981","https://openalex.org/W3032021129","https://openalex.org/W3157037691","https://openalex.org/W3213984553","https://openalex.org/W4206753981","https://openalex.org/W4283207219","https://openalex.org/W4283749998","https://openalex.org/W4287726890","https://openalex.org/W4291743636","https://openalex.org/W4310295782","https://openalex.org/W4311537484","https://openalex.org/W4312618435","https://openalex.org/W4313593157","https://openalex.org/W4379742936","https://openalex.org/W4388998402","https://openalex.org/W4389169812","https://openalex.org/W4389266929","https://openalex.org/W4389313879","https://openalex.org/W4391481650","https://openalex.org/W4391897136","https://openalex.org/W4393115925","https://openalex.org/W4393276298","https://openalex.org/W4396805831","https://openalex.org/W4402493129","https://openalex.org/W4403484479","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6730267373","https://openalex.org/W6773953490","https://openalex.org/W6780546454","https://openalex.org/W6784955495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"models":[2],"like":[3],"Convolutional":[4],"Neural":[5,40],"Networks":[6],"(CNNs)":[7],"are":[8],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"in":[11,25,160],"Intrusion":[12],"Detection":[13],"Systems":[14],"(IDSs),":[15],"but":[16],"their":[17],"high":[18],"energy":[19,138,185],"demands":[20],"and":[21,78,108,142,175],"complexity":[22],"limit":[23],"deployment":[24,117],"resource-constrained":[26],"environments.":[27,164],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"presents":[30],"a":[31,35,66,86],"feasibility":[32],"study":[33],"of":[34,179],"lightweight":[36],"yet":[37],"deep":[38],"Spiking":[39],"Network":[41],"(SNN)":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44,54,99],"Leaky":[45],"Integrate-and-Fire":[46],"(LIF)":[47],"dynamics":[48],"for":[49,154,173,191],"sustainable":[50,171],"IDS":[51,174],"applications.":[52],"Evaluated":[53],"the":[55,58,97,177],"NSLKDD":[56],"dataset,":[57],"proposed":[59],"SNN":[60],"achieved":[61],"comparable":[62],"overall":[63],"accuracy":[64],"to":[65,81],"CNN,":[67],"trained":[68],"$\\sim":[69,120],"3":[70],"\\mathrm{x}$":[71],"faster":[72],"($\\sim":[73,146],"2.14":[74],"\\mathrm{~s}":[75],"/":[76],"\\mathrm{epoch}$),":[77],"consumed":[79],"up":[80],"5x":[82],"less":[83],"energy.":[84],"Despite":[85],"slightly":[87],"lower":[88,110,123],"macro":[89],"F1":[90],"score":[91],"(0.58":[92],"vs.":[93,106],"0.62),":[94],"it":[95,152],"outperformed":[96],"CNN":[98],"rare":[100],"attacks":[101],"(e.g.,":[102],"U2R":[103],"F1:":[104],"0.82":[105],"0.42)":[107],"exhibited":[109],"test":[111],"loss,":[112],"indicating":[113],"better":[114],"calibration.":[115],"Local":[116],"estimates":[118],"showed":[119],"65":[121],"\\%$":[122],"CO2":[124],"emissions":[125],"than":[126],"cloud":[127],"execution,":[128],"challenging":[129],"assumptions":[130],"that":[131],"offloading":[132],"is":[133],"inherently":[134],"greener.":[135],"Its":[136],"low":[137],"footprint,":[139],"compact":[140],"architecture,":[141],"fast":[143],"inference":[144],"latency":[145],"0.014":[147],"\\mathrm{~ms}":[148],"/$":[149],"sample)":[150],"make":[151],"well-suited":[153],"real-time":[155],"traffic":[156],"first":[157],"line":[158],"analysis":[159],"edge":[161],"or":[162],"IoT":[163],"These":[165],"findings":[166],"highlight":[167],"SNNs":[168],"as":[169],"viable,":[170],"alternatives":[172],"underscore":[176],"importance":[178],"evaluating":[180],"carbon":[181],"emissions,":[182],"not":[183],"just":[184],"use,":[186],"when":[187],"designing":[188],"AI":[189],"systems":[190],"cyber":[192],"security.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
