{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2565721639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norchip.2016.7792881","title":"A 4.5 mW, 0.01148 mm<sup>2</sup> frequency multiplier based on DLL with output frequency from 4 to 6 GHz","display_name":"A 4.5 mW, 0.01148 mm<sup>2</sup> frequency multiplier based on DLL with output frequency from 4 to 6 GHz","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2565721639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norchip.2016.7792881","mag":"2565721639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/norchip.2016.7792881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norchip.2016.7792881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NORCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102016569","display_name":"Erkan Bayram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-0782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145899","display_name":"Westf\u00e4lische Hochschule","ror":"https://ror.org/04p7ekn23","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erkan Bayram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of High Frequency Electronics, RWTH Aachen University","Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, DE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of High Frequency Electronics, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004422608","display_name":"Oner Hanay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-6501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145899","display_name":"Westf\u00e4lische Hochschule","ror":"https://ror.org/04p7ekn23","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oner Hanay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of High Frequency Electronics, RWTH Aachen University","Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, DE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of High Frequency Electronics, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110240648","display_name":"Renato Negra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145899","display_name":"Westf\u00e4lische Hochschule","ror":"https://ror.org/04p7ekn23","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato Negra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of High Frequency Electronics, RWTH Aachen University","Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, DE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of High Frequency Electronics, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102016569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145899","https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14698984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.809273362159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.6802047491073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5668118000030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.5290821194648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.49596676230430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.48791858553886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43251392245292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.42657795548439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3479710519313812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2728915214538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.22983086109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18655672669410706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.809273362159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.6802047491073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5668118000030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.5290821194648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.49596676230430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.48791858553886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43251392245292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42657795548439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3479710519313812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2728915214538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.22983086109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18655672669410706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/norchip.2016.7792881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norchip.2016.7792881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NORCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997689645","https://openalex.org/W2043037338","https://openalex.org/W2057240801","https://openalex.org/W2153119050","https://openalex.org/W2179521998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2315668284","https://openalex.org/W2155789024","https://openalex.org/W2109491806","https://openalex.org/W3213608175","https://openalex.org/W98453623","https://openalex.org/W2340624421","https://openalex.org/W2031867410","https://openalex.org/W2377552037","https://openalex.org/W2893412776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"4.5":[1],"mW,":[2],"0.01148":[3],"mm":[4],"<sup":[5],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[6],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[7],"frequency":[8,27,43,68],"multiplier":[9],"based":[10,82,117],"on":[11,83,118],"mixed-mode":[12],"delay-locked-loop":[13],"(DLL)":[14],"in":[15,22,41,55],"65":[16],"nm":[17],"CMOS":[18],"technology":[19],"is":[20,29,81,126],"presented":[21],"this":[23],"paper.":[24],"The":[25,74,106,122],"operating":[26,67,120,136,145],"range":[28,44,69],"between":[30],"100":[31],"and":[32,70,102,129,140],"150":[33],"MHz":[34,148],"which":[35],"enables":[36],"to":[37,47,64,97,113],"produce":[38],"output":[39,141],"signals":[40],"the":[42,56,60,78,84,95,99,119,133],"from":[45,111],"4":[46],"6":[48],"GHz.":[49],"NAND-based":[50],"delay":[51,61,79,86],"cells":[52],"are":[53],"used":[54],"digital":[57],"part":[58,76],"of":[59,77,143],"line":[62,80],"due":[63],"their":[65],"wide":[66],"small":[71],"intrinsic":[72],"delay.":[73],"analogue":[75],"inverter":[85],"chain":[87],"with":[88],"biasing":[89],"circuit.":[90],"It":[91],"was":[92],"added":[93],"into":[94],"system":[96],"overcome":[98],"resolution":[100],"problem":[101],"improve":[103],"jitter":[104,125],"performance.":[105],"total":[107],"locking":[108],"time":[109],"changes":[110],"10":[112],"14":[114],"clock":[115,135,142],"cycles":[116],"frequency.":[121],"simulated":[123],"peak-to-peak":[124],"21":[127],"ps":[128,131],"1.95":[130],"for":[132],"generated":[134],"at":[137,146],"5":[138],"GHZ":[139],"DLL":[144],"125":[147],"respectively.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
