{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388405442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas58970.2023.10305469","title":"Automated Replacement of State-Holding Flip-Flops to Enable Non-Volatile Checkpointing","display_name":"Automated Replacement of State-Holding Flip-Flops to Enable Non-Volatile Checkpointing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388405442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas58970.2023.10305469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/norcas58970.2023.10305469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/norcas58970.2023.10305469","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040618617","display_name":"Fabian Kre\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Kre\u00df","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086896822","display_name":"Johannes Pfau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Pfau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084249350","display_name":"Fabian Kempf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6458-9383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Kempf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083696598","display_name":"Patrick Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8727-6127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054326643","display_name":"Zhuofan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3908-8595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuofan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053259767","display_name":"Tanja Harbaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-567X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanja Harbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024739574","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-5487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21573966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.7649247050285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7431938648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rollback","display_name":"Rollback","score":0.7004808187484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5933635234832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5707505345344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.5670438408851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4313586950302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.392017662525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22010546922683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.151248037815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.12603172659873962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.7649247050285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7431938648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174220543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395307","display_name":"Rollback","level":3,"score":0.7004808187484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5933635234832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5707505345344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.5670438408851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4313586950302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.392017662525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22010546922683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.151248037815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.12603172659873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/norcas58970.2023.10305469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/norcas58970.2023.10305469","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528837436","https://openalex.org/W2113825280","https://openalex.org/W2123594341","https://openalex.org/W2150049803","https://openalex.org/W2151113616","https://openalex.org/W2176123422","https://openalex.org/W2293880222","https://openalex.org/W2342993049","https://openalex.org/W2579850819","https://openalex.org/W2624223397","https://openalex.org/W2798704125","https://openalex.org/W2942267901","https://openalex.org/W2997740413","https://openalex.org/W3100863146","https://openalex.org/W3141072537","https://openalex.org/W3203242999","https://openalex.org/W4233764310","https://openalex.org/W4248413383","https://openalex.org/W4285182148","https://openalex.org/W4301485103","https://openalex.org/W4304140749","https://openalex.org/W4313496678","https://openalex.org/W6704997423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013037783","https://openalex.org/W2909413202","https://openalex.org/W4385243142","https://openalex.org/W1999008563","https://openalex.org/W2561644314","https://openalex.org/W2794118724","https://openalex.org/W2912135124","https://openalex.org/W4206450104","https://openalex.org/W1981030524","https://openalex.org/W2312315779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Applications":[0],"in":[1,28,92,136,153],"safety-critical":[2],"areas":[3],"like":[4],"automotive":[5],"or":[6],"aerospace":[7],"require":[8],"functions":[9],"to":[10,41,63,87,119,148],"handle":[11],"system":[12,20],"failures.":[13],"A":[14],"commonly":[15],"used":[16],"technique":[17],"on":[18,67,84],"different":[19],"levels":[21],"is":[22,146],"checkpointing,":[23],"which":[24],"enables":[25,115],"a":[26,45,50,93],"rollback":[27],"such":[29],"an":[30],"event.":[31],"However,":[32],"at":[33],"register":[34],"level,":[35],"power":[36,68],"failures":[37],"cause":[38],"CMOS":[39],"flip-flops":[40,62,91,152],"lose":[42],"data,":[43],"requiring":[44],"complete":[46],"reboot":[47],"instead":[48],"of":[49,59],"fast":[51],"rollback.In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55,78,123,139],"propose":[56],"the":[57,72],"use":[58],"hybrid":[60,99],"volatile/non-volatile":[61,100],"prevent":[64],"data":[65],"loss":[66],"shortages.":[69],"To":[70],"reduce":[71],"area":[73,108],"overhead":[74,109],"introduced":[75],"by":[76],"those,":[77],"present":[79],"our":[80,125,134,143],"automated":[81],"toolchain":[82,126],"based":[83,130],"open-source":[85],"tools":[86],"find":[88],"potential":[89],"state-holding":[90,151],"netlist":[94],"and":[95,110,132],"implement":[96],"those":[97],"as":[98],"for":[101,127],"checkpointing.":[102],"This":[103],"approach":[104,145],"not":[105],"only":[106],"reduces":[107],"improves":[111],"resiliency,":[112],"but":[113],"also":[114],"aggressive":[116],"power-gating":[117],"strategies":[118],"increase":[120],"energy":[121],"efficiency.Exemplary,":[122],"test":[124],"three":[128],"RISC-V":[129],"processors":[131],"verify":[133],"results":[135],"simulation.":[137],"Thereby,":[138],"can":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"proposed":[144],"able":[147],"determine":[149],"all":[150],"each":[154],"architecture.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}