{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216129475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas53631.2021.9599870","title":"Approximate Feature Extraction for Low Power Epileptic Seizure Prediction in Wearable Devices","display_name":"Approximate Feature Extraction for Low Power Epileptic Seizure Prediction in Wearable Devices","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216129475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas53631.2021.9599870","mag":"3216129475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/norcas53631.2021.9599870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas53631.2021.9599870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054988411","display_name":"Zain Taufique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5298-6049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zain Taufique","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Finland","University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036371608","display_name":"Anil Kanduri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-8703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Kanduri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Finland","University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070061437","display_name":"Muhammad Awais Bin Altaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3615-3546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Awais Bin Altaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management and Sciences,Pakistan","Lahore University of Management and Sciences, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management and Sciences,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management and Sciences, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019546150","display_name":"Pasi Liljeberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-3589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasi Liljeberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Finland","University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.760931134223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.6771601438522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6716600656509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epileptic-seizure","display_name":"Epileptic seizure","score":0.5599923133850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5284029245376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5053015351295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.501945972442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4543253481388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.44749802350997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4299718141555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4033159911632538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.3905335068702698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.22868162393569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20496439933776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.14191097021102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11712527275085449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.760931134223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.6771601438522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6716600656509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779334592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6279182","display_name":"Epileptic seizure","level":3,"score":0.5599923133850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5284029245376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5053015351295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.501945972442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4543253481388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.44749802350997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4299718141555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4033159911632538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.3905335068702698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.22868162393569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20496439933776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.14191097021102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11712527275085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/norcas53631.2021.9599870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas53631.2021.9599870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147198365","https://openalex.org/W2042682017","https://openalex.org/W2047188941","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2106822551","https://openalex.org/W2122982148","https://openalex.org/W2154410416","https://openalex.org/W2342363342","https://openalex.org/W2610006549","https://openalex.org/W2612139336","https://openalex.org/W2800416849","https://openalex.org/W2800938746","https://openalex.org/W2802676756","https://openalex.org/W2806033632","https://openalex.org/W2890956351","https://openalex.org/W2891809426","https://openalex.org/W2899212146","https://openalex.org/W2914948529","https://openalex.org/W2953166525","https://openalex.org/W2966038323","https://openalex.org/W2981185037","https://openalex.org/W2999782528","https://openalex.org/W3037110129","https://openalex.org/W3048414096","https://openalex.org/W3138471145","https://openalex.org/W3162080335","https://openalex.org/W4290856507","https://openalex.org/W6736941203","https://openalex.org/W6758955119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327521644","https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2978884468","https://openalex.org/W2168413811","https://openalex.org/W2005846134","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2369237035","https://openalex.org/W2948041274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Epilepsy":[0],"is":[1,33,46,58,161],"a":[2,36,49,162,187],"pervasive":[3],"disorder":[4],"that":[5,17],"causes":[6],"abrupt":[7],"seizure":[8,20],"attacks.":[9],"This":[10,56],"paper":[11],"presents":[12],"an":[13,65,69],"FPGA-based":[14],"logic":[15],"implementation":[16,57],"detects":[18],"impending":[19],"attacks":[21],"using":[22,35,48,135],"the":[23,44,86,111,116,136,157,168],"Electroencephalogram":[24],"(EEG)":[25],"data-set":[26],"of":[27],"epileptic":[28],"patients.":[29],"The":[30,72,100,119,176],"feature":[31,138],"extraction":[32],"done":[34,47],"2-dimensional":[37],"Fast":[38],"Fourier":[39],"Transform":[40],"hardware":[41],"architecture,":[42],"and":[43,68,102,125,129,144,148,185],"classification":[45],"software-based":[50],"Artificial":[51],"Neural":[52],"Network":[53],"(ANN)":[54],"classifier.":[55],"presented":[59],"in":[60,115,167,192],"two":[61],"different":[62],"models,":[63],"i.e.,":[64],"accurate":[66,73,82,92,137],"model":[67,74,88,170],"approximate":[70,87,158,169],"model.":[71,159],"requires":[75],"more":[76],"operating":[77,183],"power":[78,134,154,165],"but":[79,94],"provides":[80,89],"highly":[81],"results.":[83],"In":[84,140],"comparison,":[85],"slightly":[90],"lesser":[91,97],"results":[93],"consumes":[95],"significantly":[96],"electrical":[98],"power.":[99],"Application-":[101],"scenario-based":[103],"trade-offs":[104],"between":[105],"these":[106],"models":[107],"are":[108],"compared":[109],"against":[110,132],"available":[112],"energy":[113],"resources":[114],"device":[117],"battery.":[118],"proposed":[120],"solution":[121],"achieved":[122,151],"80.83":[123],"%":[124,127,143,146,164],"97.96":[126],"sensitivity":[128,147],"specificity,":[130],"respectively,":[131],"218.95mW":[133],"extraction.":[139],"contrast,":[141],"77.95":[142],"95":[145],"specificity":[149],"were":[150],"at":[152,181],"173.32mW":[153],"requirements":[155],"for":[156],"There":[160],"21":[163],"saving":[166],"with":[171],"nearly":[172],"3%":[173],"performance":[174],"loss.":[175],"overall":[177],"design":[178],"was":[179],"synthesized":[180],"20MHz":[182],"frequency":[184],"provided":[186],"complete":[188],"256-point":[189],"FFT":[190],"result":[191],"650":[193],"\u00b5s.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}