{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412445370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms57970.2025.11073639","title":"2Pack-GAN: Exploring Transfer Learning to Fine-Tune Generative Adversarial Networks for Network Packet Generation","display_name":"2Pack-GAN: Exploring Transfer Learning to Fine-Tune Generative Adversarial Networks for Network Packet Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412445370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms57970.2025.11073639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms57970.2025.11073639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms57970.2025.11073639","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2025-2025 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055955632","display_name":"Luigi Bianchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-9092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz A.C. Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118995303","display_name":"Rafael C. Pregardier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael C. Pregardier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029891245","display_name":"Lu\u00eds A. L. Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis A. L. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033139125","display_name":"Carlos R. P. dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-0000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos R. P. dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM,Santa Maria,RS,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7089687585830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5978424549102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5975344777107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.5362564325332642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5117056369781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4638153910636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.4565763473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4185383915901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3815246820449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2510300576686859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7089687585830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5978424549102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5975344777107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.5362564325332642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5117056369781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4638153910636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4565763473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4185383915901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3815246820449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2510300576686859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms57970.2025.11073639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms57970.2025.11073639","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2025-2025 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106869861","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2395579298","https://openalex.org/W2741452500","https://openalex.org/W2755087487","https://openalex.org/W2886533716","https://openalex.org/W2924689635","https://openalex.org/W2963675401","https://openalex.org/W2967567603","https://openalex.org/W2995006815","https://openalex.org/W3034855543","https://openalex.org/W3135939397","https://openalex.org/W3136624368","https://openalex.org/W3168867926","https://openalex.org/W3200781567","https://openalex.org/W4224315052","https://openalex.org/W4290991003","https://openalex.org/W4295521014","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W4301206121","https://openalex.org/W4320020155","https://openalex.org/W4361204367","https://openalex.org/W4366556210","https://openalex.org/W4381736190","https://openalex.org/W4386331074","https://openalex.org/W4387010638","https://openalex.org/W4389326242","https://openalex.org/W4391989542","https://openalex.org/W4392736882","https://openalex.org/W4399255135","https://openalex.org/W4400234222","https://openalex.org/W4400682056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W2888032422","https://openalex.org/W2996316059","https://openalex.org/W4410783345","https://openalex.org/W4377980832","https://openalex.org/W2897769091","https://openalex.org/W2845413374","https://openalex.org/W3005996785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"datasets":[1,18,149],"are":[2,19],"essential":[3],"resources":[4],"to":[5,55,81,100,124,227],"evaluate":[6],"the":[7,26,109,122,133,154,170,179,212,220],"effectiveness":[8],"of":[9,75,169,194,200],"new":[10],"technologies":[11],"in":[12,41,70],"diverse":[13],"network":[14,78],"environments.":[15],"Unfortunately,":[16],"these":[17],"often":[20],"not":[21],"publicly":[22],"available":[23,92],"or":[24],"lack":[25],"necessary":[27],"density":[28],"and":[29,97,157,182,207,214],"diversity":[30,98],"for":[31],"thorough":[32],"testing.":[33],"Generative":[34],"Adversarial":[35],"Networks":[36],"(GANs)":[37],"have":[38],"shown":[39],"promise":[40],"generating":[42,76],"realistic":[43],"synthetic":[44,77,188],"data.":[45],"Transfer":[46],"Learning":[47],"(TL),":[48],"which":[49],"transfers":[50],"knowledge":[51,147,163],"from":[52,132,148,166],"one":[53],"domain":[54],"another,":[56],"is":[57,88],"another":[58],"technique":[59],"that":[60,178],"potentially":[61],"enhances":[62],"data":[63,79,141],"generation.":[64],"This":[65,119],"paper":[66],"combines":[67],"such":[68],"techniques":[69],"a":[71,101,106,114,191,197,208],"novel":[72],"framework":[73,184],"capable":[74],"tailored":[80],"specific":[82],"desired":[83],"protocol":[84,117],"types.":[85],"A":[86],"GAN":[87,110,123,181],"pre-trained":[89],"on":[90],"an":[91,126,203],"dataset":[93,128],"with":[94,150,202],"substantial":[95],"size":[96],"corresponding":[99],"source":[102,156],"protocol.":[103],"Then,":[104],"exploring":[105],"TL":[107,183],"method,":[108],"undergoes":[111],"fine-tuning":[112,120],"using":[113],"smaller":[115],"target":[116,134,158],"dataset.":[118],"allows":[121],"generate":[125],"augmented":[127],"containing":[129],"relevant":[130],"samples":[131],"domain.":[135],"Developed":[136],"experiments":[137],"include":[138],"two":[139],"different":[140,151,167],"generation":[142],"scenarios:":[143],"i)":[144],"Intra-protocol:":[145],"transferring":[146,162],"characteristics,":[152],"considering":[153],"same":[155],"protocols;":[159],"ii)":[160],"Inter-protocol:":[161],"between":[164,211],"protocols":[165],"layers":[168],"ISO-OSI":[171],"reference":[172],"model.":[173],"The":[174],"obtained":[175],"results":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"proposed":[180],"effectively":[185],"generates":[186],"high-quality":[187],"traffic,":[189],"featuring":[190],"significant":[192],"rate":[193],"well-formed":[195],"packets;":[196],"high":[198],"percentage":[199],"packets":[201,216],"appropriate":[204],"query":[205],"response;":[206],"considerable":[209],"similarity":[210],"generated":[213],"real":[215],"-":[217,225],"measured":[218],"by":[219],"FID":[221],"(Fr\u00e9chet":[222],"Inception":[223],"Distance)":[224],"compared":[226],"standard":[228],"GANs":[229],"without":[230],"fine-tuning.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}