{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381744946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154378","title":"Data-Centric Machine Learning Approach for Early Ransomware Detection and Attribution","display_name":"Data-Centric Machine Learning Approach for Early Ransomware Detection and Attribution","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381744946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041384969","display_name":"Aldin Vehabovic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Vehabovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of South Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047820386","display_name":"Hadi Zanddizari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-9374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Zanddizari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Texas San Antonio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Texas San Antonio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022742519","display_name":"Nasir Ghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-7439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Ghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of South Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109643783","display_name":"F. Shaikh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of South Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039079298","display_name":"Elias Bou\u2010Harb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-4635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Bou-Harb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Texas San Antonio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Texas San Antonio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042335810","display_name":"Morteza Safaei Pour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-6274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Safaei Pour","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Diego State Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058298121","display_name":"Jorge Crichigno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-5300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Crichigno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2495,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95431472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.9775643348693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7980469465255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.7369940280914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5228172540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5215578079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.470337450504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46519601345062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.44386032223701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42404207587242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.27018243074417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2382558286190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08450120687484741}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.9775643348693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7980469465255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.7369940280914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5228172540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5215578079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.470337450504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46519601345062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.44386032223701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42404207587242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27018243074417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2382558286190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08450120687484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461373307","https://openalex.org/W2764249719","https://openalex.org/W2800509541","https://openalex.org/W2885747980","https://openalex.org/W2893176864","https://openalex.org/W2911731407","https://openalex.org/W2928980918","https://openalex.org/W2980075242","https://openalex.org/W3034402928","https://openalex.org/W3037015170","https://openalex.org/W3046012722","https://openalex.org/W3183350623","https://openalex.org/W3215200159","https://openalex.org/W4200267592","https://openalex.org/W4205733142","https://openalex.org/W4292972531","https://openalex.org/W7011823363","https://openalex.org/W7052179891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995118279","https://openalex.org/W4240624848","https://openalex.org/W3214090987","https://openalex.org/W65788704","https://openalex.org/W4200453963","https://openalex.org/W2610659201","https://openalex.org/W4285507391","https://openalex.org/W3107556205","https://openalex.org/W2067547021","https://openalex.org/W2805262980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers":[0],"have":[1,17,45],"proposed":[2],"a":[3,29,54,68,73],"wide":[4],"range":[5],"of":[6,14,42,96],"ransomware":[7,61,75],"detection":[8,62],"and":[9,63,77,98],"analysis":[10,80],"schemes.":[11],"However,":[12],"most":[13],"these":[15],"efforts":[16],"focused":[18],"on":[19],"older":[20],"families":[21],"targeting":[22],"Windows":[23],"7/8":[24],"systems.":[25],"Hence":[26],"there":[27],"is":[28],"critical":[30],"need":[31],"to":[32,36,49],"develop":[33],"efficient":[34],"solutions":[35],"tackle":[37],"the":[38],"latest":[39],"threats,":[40],"many":[41],"which":[43,71],"may":[44],"relatively":[46],"fewer":[47],"samples":[48],"analyze.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"presents":[53],"machine":[55],"learning":[56],"(ML)":[57],"framework":[58],"for":[59,87],"early":[60],"attribution.":[64],"The":[65],"solution":[66],"pursues":[67],"data-centric":[69],"approach":[70],"uses":[72],"minimalist":[74],"dataset":[76],"implements":[78],"static":[79],"using":[81],"portable":[82],"executable":[83],"(PE)":[84],"files.":[85],"Results":[86],"several":[88],"ML":[89],"classifiers":[90],"confirm":[91],"strong":[92],"performance":[93],"in":[94],"terms":[95],"accuracy":[97],"zero-day":[99],"threat":[100],"detection.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2023-06-24T00:00:00"}